The underlying physical principles that control the midair gyrations

Question

The underlying physical principles that control the midair gyrations of divers and gymnasts are the same  as the body orientation controlling  astronauts in a weightless environment.

(A) as the body orientation controlling 
(B) as the body orientation which controls 
(C) as those controlling the body orientation of 
(D) ones to control the body orientation of 
(E) ones used in controlling the body orientation of

https://archives.newyorker.com/?iid=16367&crd=0&searchKey=In%20the%20absence%20of%20torques#folio=118

The New Yorker MARCH 3, 1980 ISSUE

In the March SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN you will see how this paradox is resolved. You may be relieved to learn that divers and gymnasts (and free-falling cats, too) perform their midair rotations without violating any laws of physics. Moreover, the underlying physics is the same for the  astronauts in space who need to control their body orientation  in a weightless environment.

adkikani · Accepted Answer

Intended meaning:
The sentence presents a comparison between two principles.
Principle 1: One that controls the midair gyrations of divers and gymnasts
Principle 2: Another that controls the body orientation of astronauts in a weightless environment.

Incorrect comparison of principle vs human body.
Though we are comparing two nouns, the comparison is illogical.

Correct.
those = refers back to principles
controlling = without coma, a verb-ing modifier correctly modifying the preceding noun: those

we need a verb-ing modifier, not an infinitive / purpose.
The purpose of principle is not to control the body orientation of astronauts in a weightless environment. 
Rather we need a modifer, giving more info about noun: principles.

why is there a need to specify specific principles by using  ones  : ambiguous.
again incorrect used of the preposition:  in

Concept tested: comparison and usage of verb-ing modifier.

daagh · Answer

The underlying physical principles that control the midair gyrations of divers and gymnasts are the same  as the body orientation controlling  astronauts in a weightless environment.

A question of comparison, its abuse and misinterpretation.

(A) as the body orientation controlling ----  the comparison is between physical principles and body orientation -- irrelevant comparison 
 
(B) as the body orientation which controls --  same as in B.

(C) as those controlling the body orientation of -- T he pronoun, 'those' saves the day. Now there is balance in the comparison. Correct choice.

(D) ones to control the body orientation of ----  The same principles used in midair gyrations are said to be used in controlling astronauts -- a blatant distortion of intent.

(E) ones used in controlling the body orientation of --  same as in D.

BillyZ · Answer

The New Yorker - MARCH 3, 1980 ISSUE   LINK

In the March SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN you will see how this paradox is resolved. You may be relieved to learn that divers and gymnasts (and free-falling cats, too) perform their midair rotations without violating any laws of physics. Moreover, the underlying physics is the same for the  astronauts in space who need to control their body orientation  in a weightless environment.

teaserbae · Answer

A and B is rejected error in comparison
in D and E as is required 
Left with C as OA

aragonn · Answer

Official Explanation: 
Choice A - illogically identiflres the physical principles of line I as body orientations, not as principles; moreover, the origina sentence confusedly states that body orientation controls the astronauts, not that physical principles control their body orientation. 
B - changes controlling to which controls, but the logical problems remain. 
C- the best answer, correctly uses the plural pronoun those to identify principles as principles. By substituting to control for that control (line l), 
D - violates parallel construction. 
E - wordy and imprecise, seems to imply that some external agency is using physical principles to control the body orientation ofastronauts.

eswarchethu135 · Answer

The underlying physical principles  that control the midair gyrations of divers and gymnasts  are the same  as the body orientation controlling  astronauts  in a weightless environment.

Reduce the sentence to its precise form avoiding extra information. Striked part is extra information. Now read the sentence as

The underlying physical principles are the same  as the body orientation controlling  astronauts.

(A) as the body orientation controlling -- principles are being compared with the body. This is not a correct comparison.   ELIMINATED  
(B) as the body orientation which controls -- same error as in A.   ELIMINATED  
(C) as those controlling the body orientation of -- here principles are being compared with principles controlling the body orientation of astronauts. This is   Correct  
(D) ones to control the body orientation of -- "principles are the same ones", this is completely non sensical.   ELIMINATED  
(E) ones used in controlling the body orientation of -- same error as in D.   ELIMINATED

thangvietnam · Answer

great explanation. 
the main problem in D and E is that "ones" which is "priciples" do not do controling. this is not logic and not paralel with the "principles that control". choice D and E means that "ones" do not do controling but another agent/persons do controling.

thangvietnam · Answer

Project SC Butler: Day 2: Sentence Correction (SC1) 
 For SC butler Questions  Click Here   
The underlying physical principles that control the midair gyrations of divers and gymnasts are the same  as the body orientation controlling  astronauts in a weightless environment.

(A) as the body orientation controlling 
(B) as the body orientation which controls 
(C) as those controlling the body orientation of 
(D) ones to control the body orientation of 
(E) ones used in controlling the body orientation of

it takes long time to realize which noun is parallel to which noun

"those controling" in C is different from "in controling" in E. in C, "those" do controling while in E, "ones dose not control but is part of controling". so choice E is wrong. og explanation also shows this point but unclearly

anmolmithal · Answer

I have a doubt, whenever 'as' is used for comparison it is followed by a clause.

I am unable to identify ther verb in the first 3 sentences.

Can anyone help me.

Posted from my mobile device

janejanesand · Answer

C correct

Imagine an astronaut on Earth standing on a scale. The scale would indicate weight because gravity is pulling the astronaut towards the center of the Earth but the Earth isn’t willing to get out of the way. Weight is the perception of the Earth not getting out of the way.

Now imagine that same astronaut in space, orbiting the Earth. He has the same scale, and he stands upon it. Will it show weight? No. It won’t show weight because the astronaut and scale are falling together and there is no contact with the Earth to allow the Earth to push back.

The ISS and its crew are in free fall. They are falling towards the center of the Earth but since they are also moving quickly, sideways, they keep missing the Earth. Since there is no Earth surface to push back against the ISS or its crew, there is weightlessness.

A sky-diver would experience the same thing if not for the resistance of the air below them.

mSKR · Answer

Hi  AjiteshArun

The underlying physical principles that control the midair gyrations of divers and gymnasts are the same  as the body orientation controlling  astronauts in a weightless environment.

D) ones to control the body orientation of
Why can't D be correct?

D. The underlying physical principles  that control the midair gyrations of divers and gymnasts  are the same ones to control the body orientation of astronauts  in a weightless environment.

The principles that do X are same ones to do Y.
( same physical principles can be applied in the same way in multiple scenarios)
E.g.: Archimedes' principle is same whether the object is in air or in water. I will not say principle in water than that in air.

Please suggest  AjiteshArun

AjiteshArun · Answer

Hi  mSKR ,

You're thinking along the right lines. However, the problem in D is not  ones , but  to .

1.  The underlying principles  that  {something} are the same ones ______.

What we want at the end is something that works with  principles . As far as I know, that limits us to  of  ( principles  of  {something} ),  that  ( principles  that  ),  behind  ( principles  behind  {something} ), and maybe  for  ( principles  for  {something} ).

sanjeevsinha082 · Answer

The  underlying physical principles  that control the midair gyrations of divers and gymnasts are the same as the body orientation controlling astronauts in a weightless environment.

(A) as the body orientation controlling
(B) as the body orientation which controls
(C) as  those  controlling the body orientation of : Those refers to Underlying Physical Principles 
(D) ones to control the body orientation of
(E) ones used in controlling the body orientation of

The correct sentence is :

The  underlying physical principles  that control the midair gyrations of divers and gymnasts are the same as  underlying physical principles  controlling the body orientation of astronauts in a weightless environment.

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The underlying physical principles that control the midair gyrations

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The underlying physical principles that control the midair gyrations

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