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655-705 (Hard)|   Idioms/Diction/Redundancy|   Subject Verb Agreement|                        
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A report by the American Academy for the Advancement of Science has co 31 Mar 2015, 04:25
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A report by the American Academy for the Advancement of Science has concluded that much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed comes from the incineration of wastes.


(A) much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are comes
Usage of much is wrong + dioxins is plural but comes is singular

(B) much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins that North Americans are exposed to come
same as A

(C) much of the dioxins that are currently uncontrolled and that North Americans are exposed to comes
Usage of much is wrong + \\sm is not maintained logically correct + comes must be come

(D) many of the dioxins that are currently uncontrolled and North Americans are exposed to come
Same as C

(E) many of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed come
Correct

Hence E
Ans

Regards
SG
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A report by the American Academy for the Advancement of Science has co 30 Sep 2016, 04:07
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pqhai
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27. A report by the American Academy for the Advancement of Science has concluded that much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed comes from the incineration of wastes.
(A) much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed comes
(B) much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins that North Americans are exposed to come
(C) much of the dioxins that are currently uncontrolled and that North Americans are exposed to comes
(D) many of the dioxins that are currently uncontrolled and North Americans are exposed to come
(E) many of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed come


When to use a much v/s many. and should it be "exposed to" or just "exposed" ? A better explaination instead of just an answer letter would be preferred. Thanks

Tricky question.

Small tip to recognize countable vs uncountable.

If countable --> you will see Noun + "s", e.g. dioxins.
If uncountable --> NO "s", e.g. dioxin.


"Dioxins" here means different types of dioxin chemical.

Narrow down to D & E. No need to say E is much better.

Hope it helps.
Show more


As per your tip, "waters" will be a countable noun too? so we will use 'many of the waters' or 'much of the waters' in that case??
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A report by the American Academy for the Advancement of Science has co 01 Oct 2016, 03:25
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@p00rv@
pqhai
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27. A report by the American Academy for the Advancement of Science has concluded that much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed comes from the incineration of wastes.
(A) much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed comes
(B) much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins that North Americans are exposed to come
(C) much of the dioxins that are currently uncontrolled and that North Americans are exposed to comes
(D) many of the dioxins that are currently uncontrolled and North Americans are exposed to come
(E) many of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed come


When to use a much v/s many. and should it be "exposed to" or just "exposed" ? A better explaination instead of just an answer letter would be preferred. Thanks

Tricky question.

Small tip to recognize countable vs uncountable.

If countable --> you will see Noun + "s", e.g. dioxins.
If uncountable --> NO "s", e.g. dioxin.


"Dioxins" here means different types of dioxin chemical.

Narrow down to D & E. No need to say E is much better.

Hope it helps.


As per your tip, "waters" will be a countable noun too? so we will use 'many of the waters' or 'much of the waters' in that case??
Show more

There could be various dioxins: Sodium-dioxin, Potassium-dioxin, etc.(these are just hypothetical names - the real names are too complex, Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins or 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin, and unnecessary to explain the issue).

However water (the liquid substance that we drink) cannot take plural form - "waters" is generally not correct to mean that substance. There is no sodium-water or potassium-water. So 'many of the waters' and 'much of the waters' are both wrong - the correct usage is "much of the water".

However sometimes "waters" is used to refer to a specific body of water. That usage is NOT similar in meaning to usage of dioxins.
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A report by the American Academy for the Advancement of Science has co 20 Dec 2016, 10:47
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Hi,
B,C,D could be eliminated at first sight since "to come[s]" is wrong
Between A and E:
If we interpret the sentence as several types of dioxins come from the incineration,"many...dioxins...come" is correct.I agree with the answer.
But what if we would like to imply that the amount of dioxin comes from the incineration? much...dioxin...comes?
And what if we would like to imply that that a large amount from variety of dioxins comes from the incineration? much ...dioxins...comes? --> may be this is wrong,but really want a step further to clarify my doubt

Please help :read :panel
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A report by the American Academy for the Advancement of Science has co 20 Dec 2016, 15:01
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Hi,
B,C,D could be eliminated at first sight since "to come[s]" is wrong
Between A and E:
If we interpret the sentence as several types of dioxins come from the incineration,"many...dioxins...come" is correct.I agree with the answer.
But what if we would like to imply that the amount of dioxin comes from the incineration? much...dioxin...comes?
And what if we would like to imply that that a large amount from variety of dioxins comes from the incineration? much ...dioxins...comes? --> may be this is wrong,but really want a step further to clarify my doubt

Please help :read :panel
Show more

Grammatically "much" cannot go with a plural noun. So even if the last meaning you mentioned is implied, the correct usage would be "much of the dioxin" - here "dioxin" would refer to the whole group of the chemical.
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A report by the American Academy for the Advancement of Science has co 26 Dec 2016, 16:58
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Split1) Modifier - Countable vs Uncountable nouns. The word "dioxins" is countable. How so? Because using "s" at the end of the word means that is plural = the plural makes the word countable. As a result we should decide whether "many" or "much" can modify dioxins. "Much" is used for uncountable words such as water. Conclusion = Use the word "many" in order to modify the word "dioxins". A, B and C are out.
Split2) Preposition rule. the following is a rule: Preposition + Object. The object can be a 1) noun, pronoun in objective form, 2)gerund, 3)substantive clause/noun clause. In this example = to = preposition => "to" + "which North Americans" = Preposition + Object. B, C, and D are out.
Split3) Meaning. in A, B, and E present the information about dioxins and exposure as one long modifier, while answers C and D separate this portion into two parallel pieces of information by using the word "and". what's the difference? You should use "and" to separate parallel pieces that do not have anything to do with one another directly. In this case, both parts are related "the uncontrolled dioxins that North Americans are exposed" so the following is wrong meaning: "The uncontrolled dioxins and that North Americans are exposed to" C and D are out.
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A report by the American Academy for the Advancement of Science has concluded that much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed comes from the incineration of wastes.
(A) much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed comes
(B) much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins that North Americans are exposed to come
(C) much of the dioxins that are currently uncontrolled and that North Americans are exposed to comes
(D) many of the dioxins that are currently uncontrolled and North Americans are exposed to come
(E) many of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed come

Dioxins is countable and is thus 'many'
D is incorrect structure of the intended meaning.

Oprion E is correct
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A report by the American Academy for the Advancement of Science has concluded that much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed comes from the incineration of wastes.

(A) much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed comes
==> Usage of "Much" is incorrect here. Dioxins is plural and hence will need plural "Many" instead of "much"

(B) much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins that North Americans are exposed to come
==> Usage of "Much" is incorrect here. Dioxins is plural and hence will need plural "Many" instead of "much"

(C) much of the dioxins that are currently uncontrolled and that North Americans are exposed to comes
==> Usage of "Much" is incorrect here. Dioxins is plural and hence will need plural "Many" instead of "much"

(D) many of the dioxins that are currently uncontrolled and North Americans are exposed to come
==> Missing "that" after "and" in order to maintain parallelism

(E) many of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed come
==> CORRECT
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A report by the American Academy for the Advancement of Science has co 08 Aug 2018, 02:57
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Official Guide 2013 - Sentence Correction - Q#83

27. A report by the American Academy for the Advancement of Science has concluded that much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed comes from the incineration of wastes.
(A) much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed comes
(B) much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins that North Americans are exposed to come
(C) much of the dioxins that are currently uncontrolled and that North Americans are exposed to comes
(D) many of the dioxins that are currently uncontrolled and North Americans are exposed to come
(E) many of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed come

I was able to arrive at the answer. But in the process I got some doubts:
1. of the currently uncontrolled dioxins ... comes -> here the subject dioxins lies inside the prepositional phrase
2. to which North Americans are -> here the subject North Americans lies inside the prepositional phrase

Usually we should not consider the subjects lying inside the prepositional phrase; however here we are considering. Kindly help to explain.

Hi Arun,

Thanks for posting your doubt here. :-)

1. In the correct answer choice E, the subject for the verb come is many of the currently uncontrolled dioxins. Essentially, the subject for this verb is many. Since many refers to more than one, it correctly takes plural verb come.

2. to which is not a typical prepositional phrase. Look at it this way. A relative pronoun modifier always starts a dependent clause. The relative pronoun modifier itself can be the subject of the DC it starts or can a have separate SV pair. In this particular choice, the relative pronoun modifier which starts a DC but does not act as the subject of the DC it starts. The subject of that DC is North Americans that correctly takes the verb are.

Hope this helps. :-)
Thanks.
Shraddha
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I have doubt on Dioxins part, as a person from commercial background, I have no clue about types of Dioxin and so I would simply conclude it as a pollutant causing harm; Just like we treat something like carbon monoxide. Now, constructing a sentence using "many" to refer to carbon monoxide will make it awkward. How to identify issue in such a case, as answer to this question would be obvious only to the ones who know that there are various kinds of Dioxin.

Thanks,
Sumit
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A report by the American Academy for the Advancement of Science has co 10 Aug 2018, 12:47
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egmat
arunjay
Official Guide 2013 - Sentence Correction - Q#83

27. A report by the American Academy for the Advancement of Science has concluded that much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed comes from the incineration of wastes.
(A) much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed comes
(B) much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins that North Americans are exposed to come
(C) much of the dioxins that are currently uncontrolled and that North Americans are exposed to comes
(D) many of the dioxins that are currently uncontrolled and North Americans are exposed to come
(E) many of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed come

I was able to arrive at the answer. But in the process I got some doubts:
1. of the currently uncontrolled dioxins ... comes -> here the subject dioxins lies inside the prepositional phrase
2. to which North Americans are -> here the subject North Americans lies inside the prepositional phrase

Usually we should not consider the subjects lying inside the prepositional phrase; however here we are considering. Kindly help to explain.

Hi Arun,

Thanks for posting your doubt here. :-)

1. In the correct answer choice E, the subject for the verb come is many of the currently uncontrolled dioxins. Essentially, the subject for this verb is many. Since many refers to more than one, it correctly takes plural verb come.

2. to which is not a typical prepositional phrase. Look at it this way. A relative pronoun modifier always starts a dependent clause. The relative pronoun modifier itself can be the subject of the DC it starts or can a have separate SV pair. In this particular choice, the relative pronoun modifier which starts a DC but does not act as the subject of the DC it starts. The subject of that DC is North Americans that correctly takes the verb are.

Hope this helps. :-)
Thanks.
Shraddha

I have doubt on Dioxins part, as a person from commercial background, I have no clue about types of Dioxin and so I would simply conclude it as a pollutant causing harm; Just like we treat something like carbon monoxide. Now, constructing a sentence using "many" to refer to carbon monoxide will make it awkward. How to identify issue in such a case, as answer to this question would be obvious only to the ones who know that there are various kinds of Dioxin.

Thanks,
Sumit
Show more
Rest assured, the GMAT does not require a strong background in chemistry. Certain GMAT Club experts (*cough*) would be in big trouble if it did. :-)

It's enough to know that "many" refers to countable nouns and "much" refers to uncountable nouns. And if the noun is plural, it has to be countable, right? So the presence of the plural "dioxins" is enough to indicate that "many" is appropriate here.

You're absolutely correct that carbon monoxide is non-countable, but there's no rule that says that pollutants must always be non-countable. It just depends on the specific pollutant in question. The same is true for all sorts of other categories of nouns. Foods, for example, could be either countable ("chips" or "deep-fried Twinkies") or non-countable ("okra" or "oatmeal").

I hope that helps!
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I don't understand how people made mistake in this. This should be a sub 600 not 700 sc.

It is simple
Much vs Many(Countable noun many - dioxin 1dioxin, 2 dioxins etc)...
come vs comes.

Many people comes?--- Wrong
Much people comes?--- Wrong

Many people come--->Right
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A report ... concluded that much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed comes from the incineration of wastes.

(A) much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed comes
(B) much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins that North Americans are exposed to come
(C) much of the dioxins that are currently uncontrolled and that North Americans are exposed to comes
Comparisons: much vs. many -- we are talking about the different types of dioxins, this is countable.
Subj Verb: "dioxins" = plural, verb "comes" must be plural.

(D) many of the dioxins that are currently uncontrolled and North Americans are exposed to come
Parallelism: 2 clauses should start with the same word

(E) many of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed come
Correct quantity word, Subj Verb and removes wrong parallel marker "and" and replaces with prep phrase.
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pqhai
alimad
27. A report by the American Academy for the Advancement of Science has concluded that much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed comes from the incineration of wastes.
(A) much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed comes
(B) much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins that North Americans are exposed to come
(C) much of the dioxins that are currently uncontrolled and that North Americans are exposed to comes
(D) many of the dioxins that are currently uncontrolled and North Americans are exposed to come
(E) many of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed come


When to use a much v/s many. and should it be "exposed to" or just "exposed" ? A better explaination instead of just an answer letter would be preferred. Thanks

Tricky question.

Small tip to recognize countable vs uncountable.

If countable --> you will see Noun + "s", e.g. dioxins.
If uncountable --> NO "s", e.g. dioxin.


"Dioxins" here means different types of dioxin chemical.

Narrow down to D & E. No need to say E is much better.

Hope it helps.


As per your tip, "waters" will be a countable noun too? so we will use 'many of the waters' or 'much of the waters' in that case??
Show more

Exactly. That's my doubt too. I don't think the "S" technique after nouns will work!
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@p00rv@
pqhai
alimad

Tricky question.

Small tip to recognize countable vs uncountable.

If countable --> you will see Noun + "s", e.g. dioxins.
If uncountable --> NO "s", e.g. dioxin.


"Dioxins" here means different types of dioxin chemical.

Narrow down to D & E. No need to say E is much better.

Hope it helps.


As per your tip, "waters" will be a countable noun too? so we will use 'many of the waters' or 'much of the waters' in that case??

Exactly. That's my doubt too. I don't think the "S" technique after nouns will work!
Show more

Yeah, that poster is wrong, it's not a rule at all.
First of all, there are countable words that don't take an -es/-s when plural. For example "the deer" / "ten deer" ... or .... "the locus discovered in this study" / "two loci have been added to the gene map." Second of all, even words that are regular in this sense are not countable just because you can add those suffixes to them.

Your point about water(s): We would say "much of the water was spilled from the bottle" -- this is uncountable. We can also say "many of the bottles of water were given out to hurricane survivors" -- this is countable. Notice that we make it countable by defining the noun with some quantity (so like bottles, boxes, liters, etc...).

You can test this by using "one X, two X, three X"
One deer, two deer, three deer --> countable
One water, two waters, three waters --> uncountable

Hope that helps!
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Couldnt pick between options B and E. Isnt B a better option choice?
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Couldnt pick between options B and E. Isnt B a better option choice?
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In option B, "much" is incorrectly used.
Note the sentence is talking specifically about chemicals categorized as dioxins = countable nouns
Hence, we need to use "many" instead of much.

Much could have been correct if "proportion/percentage" was used.
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Couldnt pick between options B and E. Isnt B a better option choice?

In option B, "much" is incorrectly used.
Note the sentence is talking specifically about chemicals categorized as dioxins = countable nouns
Hence, we need to use "many" instead of much.

Much could have been correct if "proportion/percentage" was used.
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This post might also help!
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In terms of meaning, what is the difference between "dioxins that are currently uncontrolled" and "uncontrolled dioxins"? As far as I understand, although the structure is different essentially the meaning is same.

Kindly guide !
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A report by the American Academy for the Advancement of Science has co 29 May 2020, 12:13
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Adi88
In terms of meaning, what is the difference between "dioxins that are currently uncontrolled" and "uncontrolled dioxins"? As far as I understand, although the structure is different essentially the meaning is same.

Kindly guide !
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Hi Adi88

Yes in terms of meaning, both are same.
But option D has parallelism issue hence D can be eliminated.

many of the dioxins that are currently uncontrolled and North Americans are exposed to come
"that" is missing after "and" to maintain parallelism.
Hope it helps :)
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A report by the American Academy for the Advancement of Science has co 29 Jun 2020, 11:10
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A report by the American Academy for the Advancement of Science has concluded
that much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed comes from the incineration of wastes.
SV Pair – report had concluded
SV pair - Dioxins comes from is incorrect. Come is needed since Dioxins is plural
SV pair – Americans are
Much of the dioxins is incorrect since we dioxins is s countable noun. Many of the dioxins is needed.


(A) much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed comes
SV pair - Dioxins come from
Much of the dioxins is incorrect since we dioxins is s countable noun. Many of the dioxins is needed.


(B) much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins that North Americans are exposed to come
Much of the dioxins is incorrect since we dioxins is s countable noun. Many of the dioxins is needed.


(C) much of the dioxins that are currently uncontrolled and that North Americans are exposed to comes
SV pair - Dioxins come from
Much of the dioxins is incorrect since we dioxins is s countable noun. Many of the dioxins is needed.


(D) many of the dioxins that are currently uncontrolled and North Americans are exposed to come
Use of the conjunction and is incorrectly used to connect two unrelated ideas.

(E) many of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed come
This is the correct answer choice.
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