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23 May 2017, 04:46
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Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
25%
(medium)
Question Stats:
79% (01:43) correct
21%
(01:49)
wrong
based on 791
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Toxicologist: A survey of oil-refinery workers who work with MBTE, an ingredient currently used in some smog-reducing gasolines, found an alarming incidence of complaints about headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath. Since gasoline containing MBTE will soon be widely used, we can expect an increased incidence of headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
Each of the following, if true, strengthens the toxicologist’s argument EXCEPT:
(A) Most oil-refinery workers who do not work with MBTE do not have serious health problems involving headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
(B) Headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath are among the symptoms of several medical conditions that are potentially serious threats to public health.
(C) Since the time when gasoline containing MBTE was first introduced in a few metropolitan areas, those areas reported an increase in the number of complaints about headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
(D) Regions in which only gasoline containing MBTE is used have a much greater incidence of headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath than do similar regions in which only MBTE-free gasoline is used.
(E) The oil-refinery workers surveyed were carefully selected to be representative of the broader population in their medical histories prior to exposure to MBTE, as well as in other relevant respects.
Each of the following, if true, strengthens the toxicologist’s argument EXCEPT:
(A) Most oil-refinery workers who do not work with MBTE do not have serious health problems involving headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
(B) Headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath are among the symptoms of several medical conditions that are potentially serious threats to public health.
(C) Since the time when gasoline containing MBTE was first introduced in a few metropolitan areas, those areas reported an increase in the number of complaints about headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
(D) Regions in which only gasoline containing MBTE is used have a much greater incidence of headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath than do similar regions in which only MBTE-free gasoline is used.
(E) The oil-refinery workers surveyed were carefully selected to be representative of the broader population in their medical histories prior to exposure to MBTE, as well as in other relevant respects.
25 Apr 2021, 06:30
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The conclusion of the argument reflects a causal relationship:
The question stem is a Strengthen, and therefore the four wrong answers will support the argument. With a stimulus containing causal reasoning and a Strengthen question, expect to see wrong answers that come from the five different “Causality and Strengthen Questions” categories to help the argument.
Answer choice (A): This answer shows that when the cause is not present, then the effect is not present. Thus, the answer strengthens the argument and is incorrect.
Answer choice (B): This is the correct answer. By indicating that the symptoms discussed in the stimulus can be the effects of several potentially serious public health threats, the author offers up possible alternate causes for the symptoms. These alternate causes would weaken the argument, and therefore this is the correct answer.
Answer choice (C): This answer affirms that when the cause occurs, then the effect occurs. The answer therefore strengthens the argument.
Answer choice (D): Like answer choice (C), this answer shows that when the cause is present, then the effect is present, and makes the case stronger by comparing that scenario to regions where the cause is absent.
Answer choice (E): This answer choice strengthens the argument by showing that the data used to make the argument is accurate.
Attachment:
2021-03-29_03-19-29.png [ 24.77 KiB | Viewed 8827 times ]
General Discussion
23 May 2017, 05:41
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The argument is saying survey found something and thus, MORE MBTE will lead to more incidence of headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
We need to find 4 choices that are strengthening this. The left over will be our answer.
(A) Most oil-refinery workers who do not work with MBTE do not have serious health problems involving headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath. --> It is saying wherever we don't have MBTE, we are good. It means MBTE is causing the problem. Hence, a strengthener.
(B) Headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath are among the symptoms of several medical conditions that are potentially serious threats to public health.
(C) Since the time when gasoline containing MBTE was first introduced in a few metropolitan areas, those areas reported an increase in the number of complaints about headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath. --> It is saying MBTE started and complaints increased. Hence, a strengthener.
(D) Regions in which only gasoline containing MBTE is used have a much greater incidence of headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath than do similar regions in which only MBTE-free gasoline is used. Ok, More MBTE is used and more cases are found. Hence, a strengthener.
(E) The oil-refinery workers surveyed were carefully selected to be representative of the broader population in their medical histories prior to exposure to MBTE, as well as in other relevant respects. --> It is saying Survey was not biased. Hence, a strengthener.
We need to find 4 choices that are strengthening this. The left over will be our answer.
(A) Most oil-refinery workers who do not work with MBTE do not have serious health problems involving headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath. --> It is saying wherever we don't have MBTE, we are good. It means MBTE is causing the problem. Hence, a strengthener.
(B) Headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath are among the symptoms of several medical conditions that are potentially serious threats to public health.
(C) Since the time when gasoline containing MBTE was first introduced in a few metropolitan areas, those areas reported an increase in the number of complaints about headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath. --> It is saying MBTE started and complaints increased. Hence, a strengthener.
(D) Regions in which only gasoline containing MBTE is used have a much greater incidence of headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath than do similar regions in which only MBTE-free gasoline is used. Ok, More MBTE is used and more cases are found. Hence, a strengthener.
(E) The oil-refinery workers surveyed were carefully selected to be representative of the broader population in their medical histories prior to exposure to MBTE, as well as in other relevant respects. --> It is saying Survey was not biased. Hence, a strengthener.
