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C
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For members of the seventeenth century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, a method to protect warriors against enemy arrows and spears.
(A) a method to protect
(B) as a method protecting
(C) protecting
(D) as a protection of
(E) to protect
(A) a method to protect
(B) as a method protecting
(C) protecting
(D) as a protection of
(E) to protect
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27 Dec 2012, 07:34
Kudos
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IMO, the approach to this topic would be
(A) a method to protect – Animal shields are not a method. They are just materials so drop this
(B) as a method protecting --- same as in A
(C) protecting --- protecting modifies the simple clause preceding it. Correct choice
(D) as a protection of --- shields are not[protection or protections
(E) to protect --- The tricky issue here is the that we cannot idiomatically use an infinitive after a comma.
(A) a method to protect – Animal shields are not a method. They are just materials so drop this
(B) as a method protecting --- same as in A
(C) protecting --- protecting modifies the simple clause preceding it. Correct choice
(D) as a protection of --- shields are not[protection or protections
(E) to protect --- The tricky issue here is the that we cannot idiomatically use an infinitive after a comma.
13 Mar 2011, 11:17
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deepaksharma1986
Hi deepak,
So participial phrases are basically -ING verb phrases that are separated with a comma (,) from the rest of the sentence.
So in this case, "protecting warriors against enemy arrows and spears" is the participial phrase.
What is this phrase describing? Structurally, it is positioned to describe "animal-hide shields."
If you're not sure, you can always flip it and read it like this:
"Protecting warriors against enemy arrows, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment."
Ask yourself if this makes sense.
Do "shields" "protect warriors against enemy arrows"? Sure! So you know this makes sense.
You can read more of a detailed explanation of this question here: https://www.gmatpill.com/practice-questi ... orrection/
26 Aug 2022, 03:05
Kudos
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Dear Friends,
Here is a detailed explanation to this question-
Meaning is crucial to solving this problem:
Understanding the intended meaning is key to solving this question; the intended meaning of this sentence is that for members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment that protected warriors against enemy arrows and spears.
Concepts tested here: Meaning + Verb Forms + Grammatical Construction
• In the “noun + comma + phrase” construction, the phrase must correctly modify the noun; this is one of the most frequently tested concepts on GMAT sentence correction.
• The infinitive verb form ("to + base form of verb" – “to + protect” in this sentence) is the preferred construction for referring to the purpose or intent of an action.
A: This answer choice incorrectly uses “a method to protect” to modify “items of military equipment”, illogically implying that the military equipment was a method for protecting warriors against enemy arrows and spears; the intended meaning of this sentence is that the military equipment itself protected warriors against enemy arrows and spears; remember, in the “noun + comma + phrase” construction, the phrase must correctly modify the noun.
B: This answer choice incorrectly uses “as a method protecting” to modify “items of military equipment”, illogically implying that the military equipment was a method for protecting warriors against enemy arrows and spears; the intended meaning of this sentence is that the military equipment itself protected warriors against enemy arrows and spears; remember, in the “noun + comma + phrase” construction, the phrase must correctly modify the noun.
C: Correct. The sentence formed by this answer choice correctly uses the phrase “protecting warriors against enemy arrows and spears” to "items of military equipment”, conveying the intended meaning of the sentence- that for members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment that protected warriors against enemy arrows and spears.
D: This answer choice incorrectly uses “as a protection of” to modify “items of military equipment”, leading to an incoherent meaning; the intended meaning of this sentence is that for members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment that protected warriors against enemy arrows and spears; remember, in the “noun + comma + phrase” construction, the phrase must correctly modify the noun.
E: Trap. This answer choice alters the meaning of the sentence through the phrase “to protect”; the use of the infinitive verb form ("to + base form of verb" – “to + protect” in this sentence) modifies the verb “were”, illogically implying that the animal-hide shields were essential items of military equipment for the purpose of protecting warriors against enemy arrows and spears; the intended meaning is that the animal-hide shields were essential items of military equipment that protected warriors against enemy arrows and spears; please remember, the infinitive verb form ("to + base form of verb" – “to + protect” in this sentence) is the preferred construction for referring to the purpose or intent of an action.
Hence, C is the best answer choice.
To understand the concept of "Phrase Comma Subject" and "Subject Comma Phrase" on GMAT, you may want to watch the following video (~1 minute):
All the best!
Experts' Global Team
Here is a detailed explanation to this question-
shoonya
Meaning is crucial to solving this problem:
Understanding the intended meaning is key to solving this question; the intended meaning of this sentence is that for members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment that protected warriors against enemy arrows and spears.
Concepts tested here: Meaning + Verb Forms + Grammatical Construction
• In the “noun + comma + phrase” construction, the phrase must correctly modify the noun; this is one of the most frequently tested concepts on GMAT sentence correction.
• The infinitive verb form ("to + base form of verb" – “to + protect” in this sentence) is the preferred construction for referring to the purpose or intent of an action.
A: This answer choice incorrectly uses “a method to protect” to modify “items of military equipment”, illogically implying that the military equipment was a method for protecting warriors against enemy arrows and spears; the intended meaning of this sentence is that the military equipment itself protected warriors against enemy arrows and spears; remember, in the “noun + comma + phrase” construction, the phrase must correctly modify the noun.
B: This answer choice incorrectly uses “as a method protecting” to modify “items of military equipment”, illogically implying that the military equipment was a method for protecting warriors against enemy arrows and spears; the intended meaning of this sentence is that the military equipment itself protected warriors against enemy arrows and spears; remember, in the “noun + comma + phrase” construction, the phrase must correctly modify the noun.
C: Correct. The sentence formed by this answer choice correctly uses the phrase “protecting warriors against enemy arrows and spears” to "items of military equipment”, conveying the intended meaning of the sentence- that for members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment that protected warriors against enemy arrows and spears.
D: This answer choice incorrectly uses “as a protection of” to modify “items of military equipment”, leading to an incoherent meaning; the intended meaning of this sentence is that for members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment that protected warriors against enemy arrows and spears; remember, in the “noun + comma + phrase” construction, the phrase must correctly modify the noun.
E: Trap. This answer choice alters the meaning of the sentence through the phrase “to protect”; the use of the infinitive verb form ("to + base form of verb" – “to + protect” in this sentence) modifies the verb “were”, illogically implying that the animal-hide shields were essential items of military equipment for the purpose of protecting warriors against enemy arrows and spears; the intended meaning is that the animal-hide shields were essential items of military equipment that protected warriors against enemy arrows and spears; please remember, the infinitive verb form ("to + base form of verb" – “to + protect” in this sentence) is the preferred construction for referring to the purpose or intent of an action.
Hence, C is the best answer choice.
To understand the concept of "Phrase Comma Subject" and "Subject Comma Phrase" on GMAT, you may want to watch the following video (~1 minute):
All the best!
Experts' Global Team
