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E
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Question Stats:
87% (01:30) correct
13%
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wrong
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Wood smoke contains dangerous toxins that cause changes in human cells. Because wood smoke presents such a high health risk, legislation is needed to regulate the use of open-air fires and wood-burning stoves.
Which of the following, if true, provides the most support for the argument above?
(A) The amount of dangerous toxins contained in wood smoke is much less than the amount contained in an equal volume of automobile exhaust.
(B) Within the jurisdiction covered by the proposed legislation, most heating and cooking is done with oil or natural gas.
(C) Smoke produced by coal-burning stoves is significantly more toxic than smoke from wood-burning stoves.
(D) No significant beneficial effect on air quality would result if open-air fires were banned within the jurisdiction covered by the proposed legislation.
(E) In valleys where wood is used as the primary heating fuel, the concentration of smoke results in poor air quality.
OG11
Which of the following, if true, provides the most support for the argument above?
(A) The amount of dangerous toxins contained in wood smoke is much less than the amount contained in an equal volume of automobile exhaust.
(B) Within the jurisdiction covered by the proposed legislation, most heating and cooking is done with oil or natural gas.
(C) Smoke produced by coal-burning stoves is significantly more toxic than smoke from wood-burning stoves.
(D) No significant beneficial effect on air quality would result if open-air fires were banned within the jurisdiction covered by the proposed legislation.
(E) In valleys where wood is used as the primary heating fuel, the concentration of smoke results in poor air quality.
OG11
Argument Construction
Situation
Wood smoke is hazardous, so restrictive legislation is needed.
Reasoning
Which point supports the need for legislation? The argument for legislation is based on the position that wood smoke is hazardous to people’s health. Any evidence of physical harm resulting from wood smoke supports the argument that legislation is needed. Undoubtedly, poor air quality caused by a high concentration of wood smoke presents just such a health risk.
(A) If wood smoke were as dangerous as car exhaust, this might support the idea of regulating it just as exhaust emissions are regulated; but this statement tells us it is less dangerous.
(B) This point suggests less of a need for legislation.
(C) This information provides no support for the idea that the use of wood-burning stoves should be regulated.
(D) The lack of benefit from banning open-air fires is a point against the legislation.
(E) Correct. This supports the argument in favor of legislation.
The correct answer is E.
Situation
Wood smoke is hazardous, so restrictive legislation is needed.
Reasoning
Which point supports the need for legislation? The argument for legislation is based on the position that wood smoke is hazardous to people’s health. Any evidence of physical harm resulting from wood smoke supports the argument that legislation is needed. Undoubtedly, poor air quality caused by a high concentration of wood smoke presents just such a health risk.
(A) If wood smoke were as dangerous as car exhaust, this might support the idea of regulating it just as exhaust emissions are regulated; but this statement tells us it is less dangerous.
(B) This point suggests less of a need for legislation.
(C) This information provides no support for the idea that the use of wood-burning stoves should be regulated.
(D) The lack of benefit from banning open-air fires is a point against the legislation.
(E) Correct. This supports the argument in favor of legislation.
The correct answer is E.
28 Jun 2012, 14:10
Kudos
Bookmarks
All the correct answer has to do is say the following: woodsmoke is dangerous. If an answer choice doesn't say this, we eliminate it.
(A) The amount of dangerous toxins contained in woodsmoke is much less than the amount contained in an equal volume of automobile exhaust.
This suggests that woodsmoke is not dangerous.
(B) Within the jurisdiction covered by the proposed legislation, most heating and cooking is done with oil or natural gas.
Shows that the legislation would be irrelevant. Does not talk about the dangers of woodsmoke.
(C) Smoke produced by coal-burning stoves is significantly more toxic than smoke from wood-burning stoves.
This answer choice does not back up the idea that woodsmoke is harmful.
(D) No significant beneficial effect on air quality would result if open-air fires were banned within the jurisdiction covered by the proposed legislation.
Shows that the legislation would not have any effect.
(E) In valleys where wood is used as the primary heating fuel, the concentration of smoke results in poor air quality.
While not the strongest answer, 'poor air quality' suggests that the woodsmoke is making the air harmful to breathe. Do not worry about the fact that it is in a valley. Any place in which woodsmoke causes the air quality to become poor, suggests that woodsmoke is harmful everywhere.
Hope that helps
.
(A) The amount of dangerous toxins contained in woodsmoke is much less than the amount contained in an equal volume of automobile exhaust.
This suggests that woodsmoke is not dangerous.
(B) Within the jurisdiction covered by the proposed legislation, most heating and cooking is done with oil or natural gas.
Shows that the legislation would be irrelevant. Does not talk about the dangers of woodsmoke.
(C) Smoke produced by coal-burning stoves is significantly more toxic than smoke from wood-burning stoves.
This answer choice does not back up the idea that woodsmoke is harmful.
(D) No significant beneficial effect on air quality would result if open-air fires were banned within the jurisdiction covered by the proposed legislation.
Shows that the legislation would not have any effect.
(E) In valleys where wood is used as the primary heating fuel, the concentration of smoke results in poor air quality.
While not the strongest answer, 'poor air quality' suggests that the woodsmoke is making the air harmful to breathe. Do not worry about the fact that it is in a valley. Any place in which woodsmoke causes the air quality to become poor, suggests that woodsmoke is harmful everywhere.
Hope that helps
. 
16 May 2021, 05:28
Kudos
Bookmarks
The correct answer: E
Argument Analysis:
1. Wood smoke contains dangerous toxins that cause changes in human cells
2. It presents a high health risk
3. Because it presents a high health risk, laws are needed to regulate the use of
a) open-air fires
b) wood burning stoves
Question:
Find a Strengthener
Prethinking:
What new information will help us believe more in the notion that laws are needed to regulate the use of open-air fires and wood burning stoves?
Given wood smoke is a high health risk
1. Any statement that supports the idea that wood smoke is extremely dangerous - a high health risk
Example: Wood smoke has a very high amount of carcinogens that have been shown to cause lung cancer
2. Any statement that indicates that open air fires/wood burning stoves are significant generators of wood smoke and therefore regulation here can help.
Example: As per a study, open air fires and wood burning stoves have been found to be the cause of a majority of the wood smoke
Option Choice Analysis:
(A) The amount of dangerous toxins contained in wood smoke is much less than the amount contained in an equal volume of automobile exhaust.
This argument is only concerned with the danger posed by wood smoke. How it compares with another source of dangerous toxins is irrelevant.
(B) Within the jurisdiction covered by the proposed legislation, most heating and cooking is done with oil or natural gas.
If anything, it weakens the argument by suggesting that things that generate wood smoke are not used as much. Then why regulation? So, it can be considered a weakener at some level.
(C) Smoke produced by coal-burning stoves is significantly more toxic than smoke from wood-burning stoves.
This argument is only concerned with the danger posed by wood smoke. How it compares with another type of smoke is irrelevant.
(D) No significant beneficial effect on air quality would result if open-air fires were banned within the jurisdiction covered by the proposed legislation.
If so, why have this proposal to regulate usage of open air fires? Yet again, it goes in the other direction. it weakens belief that the regulation will help rather than strengthen it.
(E) In valleys where wood is used as the primary heating fuel, the concentration of smoke results in poor air quality.
Correct. This is in line with strengthener 1 from our prethinking. It suggests that where wood is used for heating, the wood smoke that is generated is concentrated such that it impacts air quality negatively. In other words, it indicates how wood smoke is dangerous/bad for health. This will strengthen the conclusion that legislation to regulate will help.
E is the correct choice.
Hope this helps!
Regards
Argument Analysis:
1. Wood smoke contains dangerous toxins that cause changes in human cells
2. It presents a high health risk
3. Because it presents a high health risk, laws are needed to regulate the use of
a) open-air fires
b) wood burning stoves
Question:
Find a Strengthener
Prethinking:
What new information will help us believe more in the notion that laws are needed to regulate the use of open-air fires and wood burning stoves?
Given wood smoke is a high health risk
1. Any statement that supports the idea that wood smoke is extremely dangerous - a high health risk
Example: Wood smoke has a very high amount of carcinogens that have been shown to cause lung cancer
2. Any statement that indicates that open air fires/wood burning stoves are significant generators of wood smoke and therefore regulation here can help.
Example: As per a study, open air fires and wood burning stoves have been found to be the cause of a majority of the wood smoke
Option Choice Analysis:
(A) The amount of dangerous toxins contained in wood smoke is much less than the amount contained in an equal volume of automobile exhaust.
This argument is only concerned with the danger posed by wood smoke. How it compares with another source of dangerous toxins is irrelevant.
(B) Within the jurisdiction covered by the proposed legislation, most heating and cooking is done with oil or natural gas.
If anything, it weakens the argument by suggesting that things that generate wood smoke are not used as much. Then why regulation? So, it can be considered a weakener at some level.
(C) Smoke produced by coal-burning stoves is significantly more toxic than smoke from wood-burning stoves.
This argument is only concerned with the danger posed by wood smoke. How it compares with another type of smoke is irrelevant.
(D) No significant beneficial effect on air quality would result if open-air fires were banned within the jurisdiction covered by the proposed legislation.
If so, why have this proposal to regulate usage of open air fires? Yet again, it goes in the other direction. it weakens belief that the regulation will help rather than strengthen it.
(E) In valleys where wood is used as the primary heating fuel, the concentration of smoke results in poor air quality.
Correct. This is in line with strengthener 1 from our prethinking. It suggests that where wood is used for heating, the wood smoke that is generated is concentrated such that it impacts air quality negatively. In other words, it indicates how wood smoke is dangerous/bad for health. This will strengthen the conclusion that legislation to regulate will help.
E is the correct choice.
Hope this helps!
Regards
