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For the first time in the modern era, non-Hispanic Whites are officially a minority in California, which amounts to a little less than half the population of the state, down from nearly three-quarters only a decade ago.
(A) which amounts to a little less than half the population of the state, down from nearly three-quarters only a decade ago
(B) which amounts to a little less than half the population of the state, down from a decade ago, when it was nearly three-quarters
(C) and that amounts to a little less than half the population of the state, down from a decade ago, when they were nearly three-quarters
(D) amounting to a little less than half the population of the state, down from nearly three-quarters a decade ago
(E) amounting to a little less than half the population of the state, down from what it was a decade ago by nearly three-quarters
Source : GMATPrep Default Exam Pack
(A) which amounts to a little less than half the population of the state, down from nearly three-quarters only a decade ago
(B) which amounts to a little less than half the population of the state, down from a decade ago, when it was nearly three-quarters
(C) and that amounts to a little less than half the population of the state, down from a decade ago, when they were nearly three-quarters
(D) amounting to a little less than half the population of the state, down from nearly three-quarters a decade ago
(E) amounting to a little less than half the population of the state, down from what it was a decade ago by nearly three-quarters
Source : GMATPrep Default Exam Pack
20 Jun 2019, 08:20
Kudos
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Some good points are being made in this thread about how modifiers can describe either nouns or noun phrases. The most common application of this on the GMAT is with prepositional phrases and noun-specific modifiers:
noun + prepositional phrase (preposition + noun) + relative clause/appositive
We normally think of relative clauses ("wh-" and "that) and appositives (noun phrases) as modifying the closest noun, but they can also modify an entire noun phrase. In other words, they can describe the noun from the prepositional phrase OR the noun the prepositional phrase describes.
There's a lot of discussion going on about whether or not "a minority in California" is a noun phrase, and whether or not the relative clause in A and B can describe "a minority" as well as California. However, it doesn't matter for this problem. Do we want to say that "a minority" is a little less than 1/2 the population of the state, but it used to be 3/4 the population of the state? That doesn't make sense — how could "a minority" have been 3/4 the population of the state? That's the opposite of what minority means! So the relative clause shouldn't describe either "California" or "a minority".
To make this sentence logical, we want to say that "non-Hispanic whites" make up a little less than 1/2 the population of the state, but used to make up 3/4 the population of the state. "Non-Hispanic whites" are separated from the relative clause by a verb "are), so there's no way they're part of a noun phrase the relative clause could modify. In fact, "Non-Hispanic whites" is the subject of the sentence. Thus, we don't want a relative clause — we want a participial phrase ("-ing" or -"ed") because it can modify the subject of the sentence.
It's important to know the subtleties of modifier rules, but it's just as important to think about meaning. Be sure to figure out what you think the sentence should say before getting too lost in the weeds of complicated grammatical issues.
noun + prepositional phrase (preposition + noun) + relative clause/appositive
We normally think of relative clauses ("wh-" and "that) and appositives (noun phrases) as modifying the closest noun, but they can also modify an entire noun phrase. In other words, they can describe the noun from the prepositional phrase OR the noun the prepositional phrase describes.
There's a lot of discussion going on about whether or not "a minority in California" is a noun phrase, and whether or not the relative clause in A and B can describe "a minority" as well as California. However, it doesn't matter for this problem. Do we want to say that "a minority" is a little less than 1/2 the population of the state, but it used to be 3/4 the population of the state? That doesn't make sense — how could "a minority" have been 3/4 the population of the state? That's the opposite of what minority means! So the relative clause shouldn't describe either "California" or "a minority".
To make this sentence logical, we want to say that "non-Hispanic whites" make up a little less than 1/2 the population of the state, but used to make up 3/4 the population of the state. "Non-Hispanic whites" are separated from the relative clause by a verb "are), so there's no way they're part of a noun phrase the relative clause could modify. In fact, "Non-Hispanic whites" is the subject of the sentence. Thus, we don't want a relative clause — we want a participial phrase ("-ing" or -"ed") because it can modify the subject of the sentence.
It's important to know the subtleties of modifier rules, but it's just as important to think about meaning. Be sure to figure out what you think the sentence should say before getting too lost in the weeds of complicated grammatical issues.
15 Aug 2010, 23:19
Kudos
Bookmarks
Guys,
There is nothing called wordy in SC. These are all misleading statements.
We all know why we dont choose A B or C. Between D and E. We choose D because E changes the meaning of the sentence. If you look closely, E says it has come down by three quarters where as it should be down from nearly three quarters since it has been compared to one half.
Does that make sense?
Thanks,
Akash
There is nothing called wordy in SC. These are all misleading statements.
We all know why we dont choose A B or C. Between D and E. We choose D because E changes the meaning of the sentence. If you look closely, E says it has come down by three quarters where as it should be down from nearly three quarters since it has been compared to one half.
Does that make sense?
Thanks,
Akash
