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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 1): Psychologist: In a study, children 08 Jul 2024, 11:36
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Quote:
 Psychologist: In a study, children were observed in a room filled with various toys. When an adult was present in the room, the children were more likely to share toys with their siblings than with non-siblings. This suggests that children are more inclined to share with family members when they feel they are being observed by an authority figure.

The psychologist's argument would be most strengthened if it were true that, during the study, the children exhibited increased sharing behavior when:

A. the toys in the room were new to the children, rather than toys they had previously played with at home.

B. the observing adult was a parent of the siblings, rather than a stranger or non-relative adult.I
C. the siblings were younger and appeared to need help understanding how to use the toys, compared to non-siblings who were adept at using the toys.

D. the room had more toys available than usual, making it easier for children to find and share multiple toys.

E. the adult explicitly encouraged the children to share, regardless of whether the other child was a sibling or a non-sibling.

­
Show more
Solution

A. the toys in the room were new to the children, rather than toys they had previously played with at home. Incorrect It does not strengthen the conclusion

B. the observing adult was a parent of the siblings, rather than a stranger or non-relative adult. Incorrect the above prompt says that the children are more inclined towards their family members so, they are doing this just because they have been observed by their parents

C. The siblings were younger and appeared to need help understanding how to use the toys, compared to non-siblings who were adept at using the toys. Incorrect This just provides us with the reasoning why should children share their toys with their young siblings.

D. the room had more toys available than usual, making it easier for children to find and share multiple toys. Incorrect Not a strengthener

E. the adult explicitly encouraged the children to share, regardless of whether the other child was a sibling or a non-sibling. Correct Yes it completely complies with the prompt as it says even parents of the children encouraged their kids to share the toys with siblings or non-siblings but the children are quite attached to their siblings and they want to share it with their family members only. Despite the instructions provided by their parents.­
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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 1): Psychologist: In a study, children 08 Jul 2024, 11:38
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Quote:
Psychologist: In a study, children were observed in a room filled with various toys. When an adult was present in the room, the children were more likely to share toys with their siblings than with non-siblings. This suggests that children are more inclined to share with family members when they feel they are being observed by an authority figure.

The psychologist's argument would be most strengthened if it were true that, during the study, the children exhibited increased sharing behavior when:

A. the toys in the room were new to the children, rather than toys they had previously played with at home.

B. the observing adult was a parent of the siblings, rather than a stranger or non-relative adult.

C. the siblings were younger and appeared to need help understanding how to use the toys, compared to non-siblings who were adept at using the toys.

D. the room had more toys available than usual, making it easier for children to find and share multiple toys.

E. the adult explicitly encouraged the children to share, regardless of whether the other child was a sibling or a non-sibling.
Show more


The argument made in the stem is related to the presence of an adult that makes the child share their toys with siblings.

a) irrelevant. nothing is mentioned in the passage related to the 'newness' of toys.

b) correct. this would strengthen the argument since the adult being the parent of the sibling would make the child more inclined to share their toys with the sibling.

c) wrong. this reason is not in line with the argument made in passage.

d) irrelevant

e) opposite to the argument made in the question stem
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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 1): Psychologist: In a study, children 08 Jul 2024, 11:38
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­Conclusion : This suggests that children are more inclined to share with family members when they feel they are being observed by an authority figure.

Option 
A : The toys being new is irrelevant. 
B : Parents being a more "authoity figure" tends to increase the likelyhood of sharing with sibings - supports the conclusion.
C : famialirty with the toys : doesn't support conclusion.
D : Number of toys : irrelevant.
E : dosent support the conclusion, as in this case adults are directly advising children to do somrthig rather than children doing it on their own under the feeling that they are being watched. 
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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 1): Psychologist: In a study, children 08 Jul 2024, 11:43
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Premise: In a study, children were observed in a room filled with various toys.
P: When an adult was present in the room, the children were more likely to share toys with their siblings than with non-siblings.

C:This suggests that children are more inclined to share with family members when they feel they are being observed by an authority figure.

Strengthen type question:
Assumption is that only parent being present encorages children to share

A. the toys in the room were new to the children, rather than toys they had previously played with at home.
Irrelevant

B. the observing adult was a parent of the siblings, rather than a stranger or non-relative adult.
If the observing adult is a parent of the siblings, it reinforces the idea that children are more likely to share with siblings (family members) when they are aware they are being observed by an authority figure (parent).

C. the siblings were younger and appeared to need help understanding how to use the toys, compared to non-siblings who were adept at using the toys.
Out of scope. Introduces age which is not necc.

D. the room had more toys available than usual, making it easier for children to find and share multiple toys.
How does that encourage and strengthen conclusion? Not relevant

E. the adult explicitly encouraged the children to share, regardless of whether the other child was a sibling or a non-sibling.
This is going against. The questions asks with respect to sibling.

Answer: B
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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 1): Psychologist: In a study, children 08 Jul 2024, 11:49
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Hello everyone,

Good luck and a great competition to everyone.
May the green team win :)
My explanation for this question:

1st: We are dealing with kind of Strengthen question.
2nd: Lets break down the argument:

Psychologist: In a study, children were observed in a room filled with various toys. - background.
When an adult was present in the room, the children were more likely to share toys with their siblings than with non-siblings. premise.
This suggests that children are more inclined to share with family members when they feel they are being observed by an authority figure. - our conclusion.

The psychologist's argument would be most strengthened if it were true that, during the study, the children exhibited increased sharing behavior when:

A. the toys in the room were new to the children, rather than toys they had previously played with at home.
If the siblings children knew the toys from their home, there is a possible explanation that this is why they shared toys with their siblings. Not because of the authority figure.
By ruling out this possible explanation. We reinforce the psychologist's argument.
Keep.

B. the observing adult was a parent of the siblings, rather than a stranger or non-relative adult.
A sibling parent is present, and the children share the toys. No effect on the argument. It is the parent who now influences the children, not the authority figure. Also, by choosing this answer we are making the assumption in the real world that if a parent is present, the siblings and children will share the toys more. - Eliminate.
'Unclear Impact'

C. the siblings were younger and appeared to need help understanding how to use the toys, compared to non-siblings who were adept at using the toys.
this is a possible explanation why they were playing together and not why they were effected by the authority figure.
furthermore, if they needed help they should ask other children to help them, not just the siblings.
No tie to the Conclusion

D. the room had more toys available than usual, making it easier for children to find and share multiple toys.
this option gives us more information that can strengthen the argument in some way.
but There is no connection to the authority figure here. How does it strengthen our conclusion? it is not. - Eliminate.
'No tie to the conclusion'

E. the adult explicitly encouraged the children to share, regardless of whether the other child was a sibling or a non-sibling.
If the adult specifically told them to share, it is not the authority figure that influences them to share.
Moreover, it does not strengthen the conclusion because we do not know whether the siblings share more toys with each other than with others - Eliminate.
'No tie to the conclusion'

A is the answer.­
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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 1): Psychologist: In a study, children 08 Jul 2024, 11:53
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Bunuel
Psychologist: In a study, children were observed in a room filled with various toys. When an adult was present in the room, the children were more likely to share toys with their siblings than with non-siblings. This suggests that children are more inclined to share with family members when they feel they are being observed by an authority figure.

The psychologist's argument would be most strengthened if it were true that, during the study, the children exhibited increased sharing behavior when:

A. the toys in the room were new to the children, rather than toys they had previously played with at home.

B. the observing adult was a parent of the siblings, rather than a stranger or non-relative adult.

C. the siblings were younger and appeared to need help understanding how to use the toys, compared to non-siblings who were adept at using the toys.

D. the room had more toys available than usual, making it easier for children to find and share multiple toys.

E. the adult explicitly encouraged the children to share, regardless of whether the other child was a sibling or a non-sibling.


­
 


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Fact: When an adult was present in the room, the children were more likely to share toys with their siblings than with non-siblings when placed in a room filled with various toys.
­Conclusion: Children are more inclined to share with family members when they feel they are being observed by an authority figure.

Since the question stem asks us to strengthen the arguement. We need to choose an option that adds support for the conclusion. Let us evaluation each option till we find the right one.

A. the toys in the room were new to the children, rather than toys they had previously played with at home.
This has no apparent impact on the presented argument. Eliminate

B. the observing adult was a parent of the siblings, rather than a stranger or non-relative adult.
This does strengthen the fact that the observing adult was in fact an authority figure for the siblings (parent) which further strengthens our conclusion that when a parent (adult) was present as an observer in the room, the children were more likely to share torys with their siblings than with non-siblings. Keep

C. the siblings were younger and appeared to need help understanding how to use the toys, compared to non-siblings who were adept at using the toys.
This choice is tempting since it does strengthen the fact that siblings were more likely to share than non-siblings to due their ability to use toys but the conclusion talks about an adult influence, specfically someone they see as an authority figure, like a parent, that causes them to share and this choice, in fact, weakens that conclusion. Trap. Eliminate.

D. the room had more toys available than usual, making it easier for children to find and share multiple toys.
No effect on the conclusion from a strengthen point of view. Eliminate

E. the adult explicitly encouraged the children to share, regardless of whether the other child was a sibling or a non-sibling.
Again, if the adult explicitry encouraged the childern to share with everyone without any bias then it does not provide strength to our conclusion that siblings are more likely to share toys amongst each each other in the presence of an adult authority figure. Eliminate

Answer: B
 ­
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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 1): Psychologist: In a study, children 08 Jul 2024, 12:25
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­Psychologist: In a study, children were observed in a room filled with various toys. When an adult was present in the room, the children were more likely to share toys with their siblings than with non-siblings. This suggests that children are more inclined to share with family members when they feel they are being observed by an authority figure.

The psychologist's argument would be most strengthened if it were true that, during the study, the children exhibited increased sharing behavior when:

A. the toys in the room were new to the children, rather than toys they had previously played with at home.

B. the observing adult was a parent of the siblings, rather than a stranger or non-relative adult.

C. the siblings were younger and appeared to need help understanding how to use the toys, compared to non-siblings who were adept at using the toys.

D. the room had more toys available than usual, making it easier for children to find and share multiple toys.

E. the adult explicitly encouraged the children to share, regardless of whether the other child was a sibling or a non-sibling.


Situation: The study shows that children are more inclined to share with family members when they feel they are being observed by an authority figure. 

Correct Answer: B

Option A : new toys have no relation with inclination to sharing or authority figure
Option B: parents are authority figures for children, hence, the argument strengthens
Option C: the option does not relate to authority figures and children's behavior
Option D: the option does not relate to authority figures, and does not distinguish between siblings and non-siblings
Option E: the option does not distinguish between siblings and non-siblings
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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 1): Psychologist: In a study, children 08 Jul 2024, 12:35
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­The psychologist's argument is that children are more likely to share with siblings when they feel observed by an authority figure. This implies that the presence of an authority figure influences the children's behavior towards family members specifically.

If the observing adult were a parent of the siblings, it would reinforce the connection between the authority figure's presence and the increased sharing with family members. This would strengthen the idea that children are particularly motivated to demonstrate prosocial behavior (like sharing) with siblings when a familial authority figure is present.

The other options don't specifically support the link between authority figure observation and increased sharing with siblings:

A. Introduces a new variable (toy familiarity) unrelated to the core argument. C. Focuses on the siblings' needs rather than the impact of the observing adult. D. Changes the availability of toys, which doesn't directly relate to the authority figure's influence. E. Involves direct encouragement, which is different from the mere presence of an authority figure.

Option B most directly supports the psychologist's argument by strengthening the connection between the authority figure's presence and the children's increased sharing behavior with siblings.
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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 1): Psychologist: In a study, children 08 Jul 2024, 12:36
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­For this question, the main aim is to find the conclusion.
Which is: Children are more inclined to share their toys with their siblings when observed by an adult. 
This can be reframed as: Children tend to get inclined towards family when observed by an authority.  

Now, analysing each option we get:
A. This option doesn't include any familiar instincts instillation into children or talks anything about authority. Hence, eliminated. 
B. Being observed by a parent gets a sense of familiarity and the sense of being observed by her/him into the child. Hence, talks about both. Let's hold this.
C. This options talks about an out of scope aspect of age which has no correlation with the conclusion. Hence, eliminated.
D. Again, an out of scope discussion of the availability of the toys not relating to the conclusion. Eliminated.
E. This option explicitly mentions "regardless of whether the other child was a sibling or a non-sibling", thus defeating the purpose of the conclusion. Eliminated.

Therefore, the correct answer to this question stands option B.
 
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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 1): Psychologist: In a study, children 08 Jul 2024, 12:38
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Quote:
 This suggests that children are more inclined to share with family members when they feel they are being observed by an authority figure.
Show more
The psychologist's argument would be most strengthened if it were true that, during the study, the children exhibited increased sharing behavior when:

A. the toys in the room were new to the children, rather than toys they had previously played with at home.
It tells nothing about old or new toys here.

B. the observing adult was a parent of the siblings, rather than a stranger or non-relative adult.
If the observer is a parent, then the children would feel a sense of familiarity and some what pressure as a habit of parents to tell children to share their toys.

C. the siblings were younger and appeared to need help understanding how to use the toys, compared to non-siblings who were adept at using the toys. There is nothing to talk bout their ages here.

D. the room had more toys available than usual, making it easier for children to find and share multiple toys. This maybe a theory, but it has no relevance with an observer, observing them.

E. the adult explicitly encouraged the children to share, regardless of whether the other child was a sibling or a non-sibling. If this was the case then then children would share their toys with everyone and not just their siblings.­
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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 1): Psychologist: In a study, children 08 Jul 2024, 12:39
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Bunuel
Psychologist: In a study, children were observed in a room filled with various toys. When an adult was present in the room, the children were more likely to share toys with their siblings than with non-siblings. This suggests that children are more inclined to share with family members when they feel they are being observed by an authority figure.

The psychologist's argument would be most strengthened if it were true that, during the study, the children exhibited increased sharing behavior when:
Show more
adult was present -> children were more likely to share toys with their siblings than with non-siblings

This means that adult has some role in sharing with siblings over non-siblings. Which option boosts the given underlined statement?
Quote:
A. the toys in the room were new to the children, rather than toys they had previously played with at home.
Show more
this statement is brining in some new information which doesn't strengthen the underlined statement.
Quote:
B. the observing adult was a parent of the siblings, rather than a stranger or non-relative adult.
Show more
this strengthens the underlined statement. The parent had a role in sharing more with siblings than non-siblings
Quote:
C. the siblings were younger and appeared to need help understanding how to use the toys, compared to non-siblings who were adept at using the toys.
Show more
presents new information which doesn't stregthen the underlined statement. younger, older siblings has nothing to do adult sharing more among siblings
Quote:
D. the room had more toys available than usual, making it easier for children to find and share multiple toys.
Show more
new information which doesn't strengthen
Quote:
E. the adult explicitly encouraged the children to share, regardless of whether the other child was a sibling or a non-sibling.
Show more
this weakens the underlined statement because core of underlined statement has something to do with sharing more among siblings than non-siblings
­
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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 1): Psychologist: In a study, children 08 Jul 2024, 13:04
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Psychologist: In a study, children were observed in a room filled with various toys. When an adult was present in the room, the children were more likely to share toys with their siblings than with non-siblings. This suggests that children are more inclined to share with family members when they feel they are being observed by an authority figure.

The psychologist's argument would be most strengthened if it were true that, during the study, the children exhibited increased sharing behavior when:

Conclusion: Children are more inclined to share with family members when they feel they are being observed by an authority figure.
Premise: In presence of an adult, children are more likely to share toys with their siblings than with non-siblings

A. the toys in the room were new to the children, rather than toys they had previously played with at home.
- The quality of toys (here: newness) does not impact the argument, toys could be a mix of old or new , or just new or just old, we are concerned with sharing behavior

B. the observing adult was a parent of the siblings, rather than a stranger or non-relative adult.
- We only have a supervising adult ; 'an adult' , argument doesn't weaken or strengthen even if it was a parent or non-parent

C. the siblings were younger and appeared to need help understanding how to use the toys, compared to non-siblings who were adept at using the toys.
- we have no idea about whether kids in observation themselves know how to play, are too young or moderately young, any of those may or may not know how to play, even if younger siblings appeared to need help, presence of adult doesn't impact this behavior

D. the room had more toys available than usual, making it easier for children to find and share multiple toys.
similar to A - quantity of toys or ease of sharing is not what we are looking for, this is not impacted by presence or absence of adults

E. the adult explicitly encouraged the children to share, regardless of whether the other child was a sibling or a non-sibling.
Yes, If the adult generally advises to share, regardless of him/her knowing the relation of the children under observation, it would strengthen the conclusion that the children would be likely to share in the adults presence, which includes sharing with siblings
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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 1): Psychologist: In a study, children 08 Jul 2024, 13:37
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­Only BE mention adult, rest irrelevant

Then in E theyre encouraged to share which isnt the same as inclined 

hence b
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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 1): Psychologist: In a study, children 08 Jul 2024, 13:41
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The conclusion of the passage is : children are more inclined to share with family members when they feel they are being observed by an authority figure.
So, when they feel they are being observed by an authority figure =>children are more inclined to share with family members

We need to strenghthen this .

Generally, in this case of direct implication A=>B, to strenghten we can,
prove that No B => No A
there is no other thing C that C=>B
No A=> No B

A. the toys in the room were new to the children, rather than toys they had previously played with at home.
Irrelevant. wether the toys are new to children or not, this has nothing to do with reinforcing their sharing behaviors according to the passage
B. the observing adult was a parent of the siblings, rather than a stranger or non-relative adult.
Irrelevant. the implication in the conclusion is talking about an authority adult, wether it's a parent or not is irrelevant.
C. the siblings were younger and appeared to need help understanding how to use the toys, compared to non-siblings who were adept at using the toys.
This is the correct answer. if the siblings need more help than non-sibling, this could be considered as an additional push for these children to share on top of the presence of the authority adults.
D. the room had more toys available than usual, making it easier for children to find and share multiple toys.
Irrelevant. Wether the room has more toys or not, this have nothing to do with the impact that could have the presence of an authority to the sharing behaviour.
E. the adult explicitly encouraged the children to share, regardless of whether the other child was a sibling or a non-sibling.
Irrelevant, because the main point here is the sharing with sibling . this answer is making no concern to this point, thus false

Corect answer is C­
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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 1): Psychologist: In a study, children 08 Jul 2024, 14:14
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A. Wrong the fact that the toys are new or old is irrelevant to to the effect of the presence of an authority figure on the kid's behaviour.

B. Right if the adult is a parent then it represents an authority figure, therefore it strengthens the author's argument that "children are more inclined to share with family members when they feel they are being observed by an authority figure"

C. Wrong this makes one believe that the behaviour of the children is affected by their siblings age and not by the presence of an authority figure, hence it weakens the argument.

D. Wrong if the room had more toys available than usual, it would have the same effect on children's behaviour with or without the presence of adults therefore is irrelevant to the author's argument.

E. Wrong this weakens the argument, as the adult is encouraging to share with both sibling and non siblings so the behaviour is most probably not caused by the adult's presence.­
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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 1): Psychologist: In a study, children 08 Jul 2024, 14:29
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A. the toys in the room were new to the children, rather than toys they had previously played with at home. (CORRECT)
this would strength because children also would like to play with toys they never played before so it would explain that the authority presence plays an important role in children behavior

B. the observing adult was a parent of the siblings, rather than a stranger or non-relative adult.
INCORRECT
Irrelevant because the study says an authority figure, so wether a teacher or a parent is present, children will still presenting the same attitude

C. the siblings were younger and appeared to need help understanding how to use the toys, compared to non-siblings who were adept at using the toys.

INCORRECT
Irrelevant because the study says an authority figure, so wether a teacher or a parent is present, children will still presenting the same attitude

D. the room had more toys available than usual, making it easier for children to find and share multiple toys.
INCORRECT
this will weakened the conclusion as the reason for children to share is the available toys rather than the authority figure

E. the adult explicitly encouraged the children to share, regardless of whether the other child was a sibling or a non-sibling.
INCORRECT
out of scope as encouraging children is not part of the study.
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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 1): Psychologist: In a study, children 08 Jul 2024, 15:18
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Bunuel
Psychologist: In a study, children were observed in a room filled with various toys. When an adult was present in the room, the children were more likely to share toys with their siblings than with non-siblings. This suggests that children are more inclined to share with family members when they feel they are being observed by an authority figure.

The psychologist's argument would be most strengthened if it were true that, during the study, the children exhibited increased sharing behavior when:

A. the toys in the room were new to the children, rather than toys they had previously played with at home.

B. the observing adult was a parent of the siblings, rather than a stranger or non-relative adult.

C. the siblings were younger and appeared to need help understanding how to use the toys, compared to non-siblings who were adept at using the toys.

D. the room had more toys available than usual, making it easier for children to find and share multiple toys.

E. the adult explicitly encouraged the children to share, regardless of whether the other child was a sibling or a non-sibling.


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­Psychologist's argument:children are more inclined to share with family members when they feel they are being observed by an authority figure

A. the toys in the room were new to the children, rather than toys they had previously played with at home.
-- how does new or old toys matter as it is all about sharing in presence of an adult

B. the observing adult was a parent of the siblings, rather than a stranger or non-relative adult.
-- if adult is parent, then they exhbited increased sharing behavior testifies parent is an authority figure and now they share even more
Looks good and is answer

C. the siblings were younger and appeared to need help understanding how to use the toys, compared to non-siblings who were adept at using the toys.
-- If siblings were younder and appeared to need help, probably that is the reason children share with family members not cause they are observed by adult 

D. the room had more toys available than usual, making it easier for children to find and share multiple toys.
-- if room had more toys, probably that is the reason they share with siblings

E. the adult explicitly encouraged the children to share, regardless of whether the other child was a sibling or a non-sibling.
-- if adult encourages sharing children can share with both siblings and non-siblings 
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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 1): Psychologist: In a study, children 08 Jul 2024, 15:26
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Option B?

Conclusion: Child will share with a sibling when an authority figure is present ..
based on an experiment that contained an adult......

Strengthen should resolve this...
Between B and E

B explains this better than E
which says the adult encourages to share with all yet the child shares only with the sibling .. if any this weakens the conclusion
So B is the solution
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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 1): Psychologist: In a study, children 08 Jul 2024, 15:26
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The author's arguments is that the change of behaviour of sharing the toys with siblings and non-siblings happens when and adult in the room. The psychologist explains that the adult represent an authority figure that influence the children to give toys to family members. In the answers we need to find an answer that strengthens that:

A. this compares the toys in the experiment with those at home and is not related to the change of behaviour -> Wrong

B. in order to strengthen the psychologist's argument, the adult that intervene in the experiment must be an authority figure such as parent. Therefore this statement strengthen the argument -> Right

C. this explain the change of behaviour by the age of the siblings and therefore doesn't strengthen the argument but rather weaken it-> Wrong

D. the number of toys in the room is not related to the change of behaviour -> Wrong

E. encouraging the children to share with siblings and non siblings can't explain the change of behaviour -> Wrong
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GMAT Club Olympics 2024 (Day 1): Psychologist: In a study, children 08 Jul 2024, 16:56
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Bunuel
Psychologist: In a study, children were observed in a room filled with various toys. When an adult was present in the room, the children were more likely to share toys with their siblings than with non-siblings. This suggests that children are more inclined to share with family members when they feel they are being observed by an authority figure.

The psychologist's argument would be most strengthened if it were true that, during the study, the children exhibited increased sharing behavior when:

A. the toys in the room were new to the children, rather than toys they had previously played with at home.

B. the observing adult was a parent of the siblings, rather than a stranger or non-relative adult.

C. the siblings were younger and appeared to need help understanding how to use the toys, compared to non-siblings who were adept at using the toys.

D. the room had more toys available than usual, making it easier for children to find and share multiple toys.

E. the adult explicitly encouraged the children to share, regardless of whether the other child was a sibling or a non-sibling.


 
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­Option A - Irrelevent. 

Option B - reinforces the point that the children view their parents as authority figures, and are more willing to share with their family in their presence. Strengthens.

Option C - Weakens.

Option D - Irrelevent.

Option E - Irrelevent.­
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