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­For--Fish were given as offerings almost exclusively to the God Luga. It provides strong evidence for the theory as the burnt fish remains would strongly suggest that the offerings were made to the God Luga, supporting that the building was a temple dedicated to Luga.

Against--Ancient Mesopotamian temples built in cities were almost always built in the “citadel”. It provides strong evidence against the hypothesis because if temples were almost always located in the citadel area and this building is located in the "low town" area, it would be highly unlikely for this structure to be a temple dedicated to any deity, including Luga.

So ans is 
For--Fish were given as offerings almost exclusively to the God Luga.
Against--Ancient Mesopotamian temples built in cities were almost always built in the “citadel”.
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For - ­Fish were given as offerings almost exclusively to the God Luga.
This gives significant reason to believe the God Luga hypothesis is correct. 
Against - Ancient Mesopotamian temples built in cities were almost always built in the “citadel”.
This gives us reason against the hypothesis since the site is mentioned to be found outside the citadel. 
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We can answer this question quite simply if we lay out the facts

- Temple structure found in "low town" area
- Theorised to possess a temple to the God Luga
- Contains an altar on which were found burnt remains of fish. Most likely offerings to the concerned deity. 
- "Low town" area outside the raised and foritified "citadel" area
- "Low town" area built of mud bricks

We are looking for the proposition that would provide the strongest evidence for and against the hypothesis that the building was a temple to the God Luga

Let's go through the answer choices

"Buildings were rarely constructed with mud bricks in ancient Mesopotamia."

Does have anything to do with temple structure and God Luga. Does not work for either side.

"Ancient Mesopotamian temples built in cities were almost always built in the “citadel”."

This would undermine the temple structure as being an actual temple since temples built in cities were almost always built in the “citadel”, which this one was not. 

"Some Mesopotamian buildings outside the “citadel” were also heavily fortified."

Does not provide any support for either side of argument. Just a random statement.

"The altar was made of stone not commonly found in the region."

Does not strengthen link with Luga, does not help confirm structure is temple. Just a random general fact. 

"Fish were given as offerings almost exclusively to the God Luga."

This is works heavily in favour that the building was a temple to the God Luga. The assumption was that the fish on the altar were most probably offerings to the concerned deity. With the statement that "fish were given as offerings almost exclusively to the God Luga" really reinforces the link between the structure and it being a temple for the God Luga.

The answers are 

"Ancient Mesopotamian temples built in cities were almost always built in the “citadel” for Against
and 
"Fish were given as offerings almost exclusively to the God Luga." for For



Bunuel
An archaeological excavation team working on the site of an ancient Mesopotamian city found a temple structure theorized to have been a temple to the God Luga. The structure was located in the “low town” area, outside the raised and fortified “citadel” area, and built of mud bricks. The building also contained an altar on which were found the burnt remains of fish, most likely offerings to the concerned deity.

Select the proposition that, if true, would provide the strongest evidence For the theory that the building was a temple to the God Luga, and select the proposition that, if true, would provide the strongest evidence Against the hypothesis. Make only two selections, one in each column.


­
 


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This is CR type Two part question, where we need to find external evidence to strengthen and weaken the claim of the archaeologists.
1. It is mentioned in the passage that fish remains were found at the altar, last option states that fishes were offered to God Luga, this strengthens the claim that structure is an ancient temple of Luga
2. If temples weren't constructed outside the citadel, then that construction has to be something else, not temple of Luga
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Quote:
­An archaeological excavation team working on the site of an ancient Mesopotamian city found a temple structure theorized to have been a temple to the God Luga. The structure was located in the “low town” area, outside the raised and fortified “citadel” area, and built of mud bricks. The building also contained an altar on which were found the burnt remains of fish, most likely offerings to the concerned deity.

Select the proposition that, if true, would provide the strongest evidence For the theory that the building was a temple to the God Luga, and select the proposition that, if true, would provide the strongest evidence Against the hypothesis. Make only two selections, one in each column.
AgainstAncient Mesopotamian temples built in cities were almost always built in the “citadel”.
Explanation - It is mentioned that the said building was found outside the citadel area, hence if the above statement were true, it could act as evidence that the building wasn't a temple.

ForFish were given as offerings almost exclusively to the God Luga.
Explanation - It is mentioned in the stem that fish remains were found, and hence the given statement would support and create a link between fish and God Luga.
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Bunuel
An archaeological excavation team working on the site of an ancient Mesopotamian city found a temple structure theorized to have been a temple to the God Luga. The structure was located in the “low town” area, outside the raised and fortified “citadel” area, and built of mud bricks. The building also contained an altar on which were found the burnt remains of fish, most likely offerings to the concerned deity.

Select the proposition that, if true, would provide the strongest evidence For the theory that the building was a temple to the God Luga, and select the proposition that, if true, would provide the strongest evidence Against the hypothesis. Make only two selections, one in each column.


­
 


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­
­Temple found in the low town, outside the raised and fortified citadel. Also altar was having burnt remains of the fish, most likely offerings to the concerned deity.

We need to find the statements which strongly provides evidence for and against the finding of temple in ancient Mesopotamian city.

1) Buildings were rarely constructed with mud bricks in ancient Mesopotamia.
--> General statement not specific to low town or citadel. Also this does not support or oppose of temple structure in the building.

3) Some Mesopotamian buildings outside the “citadel” were also heavily fortified.
--> This is irrelevant to the finding of temple.

4) The altar was made of stone not commonly found in the region.
--> But that does not mean that they were not able to find the stone or buy it from outside for temple. This does not strengthen or weaken the temple finding.

1st Column: Fish were given as offerings almost exclusively to the God Luga.
--> If this is true then it strongly suggests that the fish offereings were for God Luga as also we found burnt remains of fish on the altar.

2nd column: Ancient Mesopotamian temples built in cities were almost always built in the “citadel”.
--> We found temple in the low town but if this is true then there is least possibility that found structure is of temple.
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­An archaeological excavation team working on the site of an ancient Mesopotamian city found a temple structure theorized to have been a temple to the God Luga. The structure was located in the “low town” area, outside the raised and fortified “citadel” area, and built of mud bricks. The building also contained an altar on which were found the burnt remains of fish, most likely offerings to the concerned deity.

FOR: E. Fish were given as offerings almost exclusively to the God Luga. This will strengthen the theory that the structure is temple of God Luga

AGAINST: B. Ancient Mesopotamian temples built in cities were almost always built in the “citadel”. This will question the theory that the structure is a temple.

A. Buildings were rarely constructed with mud bricks in ancient Mesopotamia. Tells about buildings in general. Not specifically temples. Irrelevant
B. Some Mesopotamian buildings outside the “citadel” were also heavily fortified. Tells about buildings in general. Not specifically temples. Irrelevant
C. The altar was made of stone not commonly found in the region. The passage does not discuss the material of altar. Irrelevant
 
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An archaeological excavation team working on the site of an ancient Mesopotamian city found a temple structure theorized to have been a temple to the God Luga. The structure was located in the “low town” area, outside the raised and fortified “citadel” area, and built of mud bricks. The building also contained an altar on which the burnt remains of fish, most likely offerings to the concerned deity, were found.

Select the proposition that, if true, would provide the strongest evidence For the theory that the building was a temple to the God Luga, and select the proposition that, if true, would provide the strongest evidence Against the hypothesis. Make only two selections, one in each column.­



Solution: From the given options

The option FOR the theory
Option 5: Fish were given as offerings almost exclusively to the God Luga
This option provides a piece of strong evidence that directly ties the type of offering found at the site (burnt remains of fish) to the worship practices associated with the God Luga, thereby supporting the theory that the structure was a temple dedicated to Luga.

The option AGAINST the theory
Option 2: Ancient Mesopotamian temples built in cities were almost always built in the “citadel”
If it is true that temples in ancient Mesopotamian cities were almost always built in the "citadel" and this building is located outside the citadel, it would strongly suggest that this structure is unlikely to be a temple to the God Luga or any other deity, thereby weakening the hypothesis.



 ­
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­For -E directly supports the theory that the building was a temple to the God Luga
Aganist -B argue against the theory because it suggests a general rule that temples were typically located within the fortified citadel areas of ancient Mesopotamian cities.
Ans EB 
 
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The arguments in favor of this being the temple are: low area (outside of the citadel), mud bricks, an altar, fish offerings.
Basically, we are looking for any argument that would connect one of these four to God Luga and her temple - and for the second column, we are looking for weakeners.
­
  • Buildings were rarely constructed with mud bricks in ancient Mesopotamia. - irrelevant for both sides.
  • Ancient Mesopotamian temples built in cities were almost always built in the “citadel”. - this is a weakener, because this 'temple' was not in citadel.
  • Some Mesopotamian buildings outside the “citadel” were also heavily fortified. - irrelevant for both sides.
  • The altar was made of stone not commonly found in the region. - irrelevant for both sides.
  • Fish were given as offerings almost exclusively to the God Luga. - this is a strengthener, because it connects the argumentation to the temple.
   ­
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Answer:-
For: Fish were given as offerings almost exclusively to the God Luga.
Against: Ancient Mesopotamian temples built in cities were almost always built in the “citadel”.


Buildings were rarely constructed with mud bricks in ancient Mesopotamia.

Temples could be constructed with mud bricks. Temples could be rare. Temples are buildings. Also even if its true that almost no building in Mesopotamia was made with mud bricks, all this proves is that the probability of the building belonging to Mesopotamian civilization was less. Doesn't say anything about God Luga.

Ancient Mesopotamian temples built in cities were almost always built in the “citadel”.

If they were almost always built in the citadel and this one is not, it hints that it might not be an ancient Mesopotamian temple.

Some Mesopotamian buildings outside the “citadel” were also heavily fortified.

Passage doesn't say anything about the temple being fortified.

The altar was made of stone not commonly found in the region.

Not relevant.

Fish were given as offerings almost exclusively to the God Luga.

Fish was found. Fish was given as offerings exclusively to the God Luge. Strengthens our findings.
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Buildings were rarely constructed with mud bricks in ancient Mesopotamia. [Well It was the temple!]
Ancient Mesopotamian temples built in cities were almost always built in the “citadel”. [ [b]This kind of weakens the argument. makes me think maybe this structure is not the temple]
Some Mesopotamian buildings outside the “citadel” were also heavily fortified. [ So what?]
The altar was made of stone not commonly found in the region. [ Doesn't matter]
Fish were given as offerings almost exclusively to the God Luga. [ [b]This strengthens the argument by providing additional fact]­
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Bunuel
An archaeological excavation team working on the site of an ancient Mesopotamian city found a temple structure theorized to have been a temple to the God Luga. The structure was located in the “low town” area, outside the raised and fortified “citadel” area, and built of mud bricks. The building also contained an altar on which were found the burnt remains of fish, most likely offerings to the concerned deity.

Select the proposition that, if true, would provide the strongest evidence For the theory that the building was a temple to the God Luga, and select the proposition that, if true, would provide the strongest evidence Against the hypothesis. Make only two selections, one in each column.


­
 


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­For the theory - building was a temple to the God Luga:

Fish were given as offerings almost exclusively to the God Luga.


  • Reason: Fish were exclusively offered to the God Luga, the presence of burnt fish remains on the altar would then strongly suggest that the temple was solely dedicated to this deity. 
Against the hypothesis:

Ancient Mesopotamian temples built in cities were almost always built in the “citadel”.


  • Reason: If  temples in ancient Mesopotamian cities are located within the fortified citadel area  than the low town, then the location of the structure outside the citadel say that this may not be temple for them.
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Bunuel
An archaeological excavation team working on the site of an ancient Mesopotamian city found a temple structure theorized to have been a temple to the God Luga. The structure was located in the “low town” area, outside the raised and fortified “citadel” area, and built of mud bricks. The building also contained an altar on which were found the burnt remains of fish, most likely offerings to the concerned deity.

Select the proposition that, if true, would provide the strongest evidence For the theory that the building was a temple to the God Luga, and select the proposition that, if true, would provide the strongest evidence Against the hypothesis. Make only two selections, one in each column.
1. This seems to undermine the fact that these buildings were from ancient Mesopotamia
2. If this is true then there is a chance that the remains found were not of a temple. -- Against
3. This doesn't help us decide anything about the temple.
4. Material of the altar is irrelevant
5. If this is true then it supports that the fish remains are for God Luga. -- For
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­For, the theory that the building was a temple to the God Luga:Fish were given as offerings almost exclusively to the God Luga.

This proposition strongly supports the theory because the presence of burnt fish remains on the altar is consistent with the worship practices associated with the God Luga. If fish offerings were unique to Luga, finding them in the building would provide strong evidence that the building was indeed a temple dedicated to this deity.


And, the strongest evidence Against the hypothesis:

Ancient Mesopotamian temples built in cities were almost always built in the “citadel”.

This proposition strongly refutes the theory because it suggests that a temple, especially one of significance, would typically be located within the citadel rather than in the "low town" area. If the standard practice was to build temples in the citadel, then finding a supposed temple outside of this area would contradict common architectural and urban planning practices of ancient Mesopotamian cities. This proposition provides strong evidence against the theory because it suggests that the building's location outside the "citadel" area is not consistent with the typical location of ancient Mesopotamian temples, making it less likely that the building was a temple to Luga.


Hence, the answers.
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Select the proposition that, if true, would provide the strongest evidence For the theory that the building was a temple to the God Luga, and select the proposition that, if true, would provide the strongest evidence Against the hypothesis.

A) Buildings were rarely constructed with mud bricks in ancient Mesopotamia. Rarely but not never. Neither weakens nor strengthens the hypothesis
B) Strongest Evidence Against. Ancient Mesopotamian temples built in cities were almost always built in the “citadel”. Almost always adds a certainity to the statement implying that since the building was outside the citadel it isn not a temple.
C) Some Mesopotamian buildings outside the “citadel” were also heavily fortified. - Irrelevant to the hypothesis
D) The altar was made of stone not commonly found in the region. The stones could have been transported from a neighbouring region.
E)Strongest Evidence For. Fish were given as offerings almost exclusively to the God Luga. Since burnt fish was found on the altar the building must be a temple for God Luga.
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An archaeological excavation team working on the site of an ancient Mesopotamian city found a temple structure theorized to have been a temple to the God Luga. The structure was located in the “low town” area, outside the raised and fortified “citadel” area, and built of mud bricks. The building also contained an altar on which were found the burnt remains of fish, most likely offerings to the concerned deity.

Select the proposition that, if true, would provide the strongest evidence For the theory that the building was a temple to the God Luga, and select the proposition that, if true, would provide the strongest evidence Against the hypothesis. Make only two selections, one in each column.­

Answer -> 
1- The proposition that, if true, would provide the strongest evidence for the theory that the building was a temple to the God Luga - Fish were given as offerings almost exclusively to the God Luga.
This statement increases our belief in the theory because the building also contained an altar on which were found the burnt remains of fish.

2- The proposition that, if true, would provide the strongest evidence against the hypothesis - Ancient Mesopotamian temples built in cities were almost always built in the “citadel”.
This statement casts doubt on the theory because it is stated in the argument that the structure was located in the “low town” area, outside the raised and fortified “citadel” area.
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