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According to the question stem, we can easily conclude that

The strongest evidence For the theory that the building was a temple to the God Luga- Fish were given as offerings almost exclusively to the God Luga.

And The strongest evidence Against the hypothesis- Ancient Mesopotamian temples built in cities were almost always built in the “citadel”.
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­Buildings were rarely constructed with mud bricks in ancient Mesopotamia.
-  Neither provides strongest evidence For the theory that the building was a temple to the God Luga nor Against the hypthesis.

Ancient Mesopotamian temples built in cities were almost always built in the “citadel”.
- This statement provides strongest evidence Against the hypothesis, because it casts a doubt that the building outside Citadel is not a temple. 


Some Mesopotamian buildings outside the “citadel” were also heavily fortified.
- tells nothing for the theory or against the theory


The altar was made of stone not commonly found in the region.
- The material of altar is irrelevant to strengthening For or Against the theory. 

Fish were given as offerings almost exclusively to the God Luga.
- This provides strongest evidence For the theory that the building was a temple to the God Luga since it indicates that burnt remains of fish are offerings for God Luga, which can happen in a temple. 

 
 ­
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the building was a temple to the God Luga,
This building was a place where God's people could be in his presence, preparing them to become that holy presence on earth—a crucial role in God's plan to dwell with humanity. If you identify as a Jesus follower today, your role is the same. You, your body, is a temple—God's temple.
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Statement 2 is the answer for the against hypothesis as the stem states that the ruins were found outside the citadel area.
Statement 5 is the answer of support to the hypothesis as the stem states that in the building also contained an altar on which were found the burnt remains of fish,
Statement 1 talk about buildings made of mud bricks but we need to prove that the site of the ruins was the temple of god luna.
Statement 3 is irrelevant. the question at hand is not of fortified cities
Statement 4-talks about an alien stone to the region which doesn't prove as a strong evidence against the hypothesis
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Bunuel
An archaeological excavation team working on the site of an ancient Mesopotamian city found a temple structure theorized to have been a temple to the God Luga. The structure was located in the “low town” area, outside the raised and fortified “citadel” area, and built of mud bricks. The building also contained an altar on which were found the burnt remains of fish, most likely offerings to the concerned deity.

Select the proposition that, if true, would provide the strongest evidence For the theory that the building was a temple to the God Luga, and select the proposition that, if true, would provide the strongest evidence Against the hypothesis. Make only two selections, one in each column.


­
 


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­For:


  • Fish were given as offerings almost exclusively to the God Luga.
    • This statement provides direct evidence linking the offerings found (fish) to the God Luga, making it a strong support for the theory that the building was a temple dedicated to this deity.
Against:


  • Ancient Mesopotamian temples built in cities were almost always built in the “citadel”.
    • This statement challenges the theory by highlighting that typical Mesopotamian temples were located in the citadel area, whereas the structure in question was found in the "low town," suggesting it is unlikely to be a temple to the God Luga based on its location.
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Supports : Fish were given as offerings almost exclusively to the God Luga.

As fish offerings were found on altar this supports claim.

Against : Ancient Mesopotamian temples built in cities were almost always built in the “citadel”.

As stated The structure was located in the “low town” area, || outside the raised and fortified “citadel” area || so this option goes against as Temples were built only in citadel area and not outside it.
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For- Since remains of burn fish were found from the site, so if fish was given as offering exclusively to the deity, it will be strengthening the hypothesis it is of God Luga

Against - If it is known that Ancient Mesopotamian temples built in cities were almost always built in the “citadel, it will be applicable for all the temples , hence we can't conclude that is of God Luga
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Bunuel
An archaeological excavation team working on the site of an ancient Mesopotamian city found a temple structure theorized to have been a temple to the God Luga. The structure was located in the “low town” area, outside the raised and fortified “citadel” area, and built of mud bricks. The building also contained an altar on which were found the burnt remains of fish, most likely offerings to the concerned deity.

Select the proposition that, if true, would provide the strongest evidence For the theory that the building was a temple to the God Luga, and select the proposition that, if true, would provide the strongest evidence Against the hypothesis. Make only two selections, one in each column.


­
 


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1. Buildings were rarely constructed with mud bricks in ancient Mesopotamia.
   - This proposition does not directly support or refute the theory about the building being a temple to the God Luga. It speaks more to construction practices rather than the purpose of the building.

2. Ancient Mesopotamian temples built in cities were almost always built in the “citadel”.
   - This proposition, if true, would provide evidence against the hypothesis since it suggests that temples were typically built in the citadel area, not in the “low town” area where the structure was found.

3. Some Mesopotamian buildings outside the “citadel” were also heavily fortified.
   - This proposition does not directly address whether the building was a temple to the God Luga. It discusses fortification practices but not the purpose of the building.

4. The altar was made of stone not commonly found in the region.
   - This proposition might imply some significance about the altar but does not directly support or refute the specific idea that the building was a temple to the God Luga.

5. Fish were given as offerings almost exclusively to the God Luga.
   - This proposition, if true, would provide the strongest evidence for the hypothesis since it directly links the burnt fish remains found on the altar to the worship of the God Luga.

 Selections:

- Strongest evidence For the theory:
  - Fish were given as offerings almost exclusively to the God Luga.

- Strongest evidence Against the hypothesis:
  - Ancient Mesopotamian temples built in cities were almost always built in the “citadel”.
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The building also contained an altar on which were found the burnt remains of fish, most likely offerings to the concerned deity.

For: Fish were given as offerings almost exclusively to the God Luga.

The structure was located in the “low town” area, outside the raised and fortified “citadel” area,

Against: Ancient Mesopotamian temples built in cities were almost always built in the “citadel”.­
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­
An archaeological excavation team working on the site of an ancient Mesopotamian city found a temple structure theorized to have been a temple to the God Luga. The structure was located in the “low town” area, outside the raised and fortified “citadel” area, and built of mud bricks. The building also contained an altar on which were found the burnt remains of fish, most likely offerings to the concerned deity.
­ForAgainst Buildings were rarely constructed with mud bricks in ancient Mesopotamia.Ancient Mesopotamian temples built in cities were almost always built in the “citadel”.Some Mesopotamian buildings outside the “citadel” were also heavily fortified.The altar was made of stone not commonly found in the region.Fish were given as offerings almost exclusively to the God Luga.


for:
Fish were given as offerings almost exclusively to the God Luga.


against:
Some Mesopotamian buildings outside the “citadel” were also heavily fortified.
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Okay, we're almost at the end.
I will miss this competition, for sure.
The orange team looks invincible but we will fight until the end.
Let's start with our explanation of this topic:

Identify the Question:
We are dealing with a kind of CR question. We should treat it as we do to CR question.
Here specifically we should focus on premises and conclusion.
We are looking for evidence FOR and AGAINST.

Deconstruct the Argument:
An archaeological excavation team working on the site of an ancient Mesopotamian city found a temple structure theorized to have been a temple to the God Luga. - Conclusion.
The structure was located in the “low town” area, outside the raised and fortified “citadel” area, and built of mud bricks. - Premise.
The building also contained an altar on which were found the burnt remains of fish, most likely offerings to the concerned deity. - Premise.

State the goal:
We have a Conclusion here that this "temple" was a temple to Luga.
How do we know that? by the facts after that sentence that give us clues about it.
We are looking for extra evidences about the fact that will lead us to conclude if it WAS or WASN'T a Temple to Luga.
I can think of some facts that could help us determine:
If we know that they sacrufise fishes? something that they did with the fishes in the temple of Luga.
Only that telp to luga was made by mud in all the region.
If it was known that the temple built inside of the fortified “citadel” area - we can absolutly be sure that it wasn't to Luga.
With that, let's go to our answer choices.

Elimination
        For    |   Against
A)      X              X         Real World - this is a general saying. We can't conclude any conclution from that. Maybe we can come up with a Real World knowledge or assumption that only temples were made by mud. But it will be wrong - Eliminate.
B)      X              V         Correct - Exactly what I thought. If "almost always" all the temples built in "citadel" we can expect that won't be a temple to Luga if it's outside of it.
C)      X              X         No tie - This is a mix words of the first fact. It doesn't give us any information FOR or AGAINST what we are looking for. 
D)      X              X         Real World - Okay, So what? If it's made by any special stone it can be in any house. Maybe we can come up with a Real World knowledge or assumption that only temples had this kind of special stones. But it will be wrong - Eliminate.
E)      V              X         Correct - Again. Exactly like I thought before. If fish were given to Luga as offering. and we know there is a altar with burnt remains of fish, NOW, we are more likely to think that it was a temple to Luga.


THE END
I hope you liked the explanation, I have tried my best here.
Let me know if you have any questions about this question or my explanation.
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­For: Fish were given as offerings almost exclusively to the God Luga.
Against: Ancient Mesopotamian temples built in cities were almost always built in the “citadel”.

Argument is about a recent discovery by an excavation team in mesoptomia.
Conclusion: The temple structure found out Mesopotama is a temple to the God Luga. 
Evidence: Temple built outside the fortified citadel
Evidence: Burnt fish remains found near the site, likely offerings to the concerned diety

Buildings were rarely constructed with mud bricks in ancient Mesopotamia. Construction material doesn't explain anything about the temple Incorrect

Ancient Mesopotamian temples built in cities were almost always built in the “citadel”. Against Correct If all the temples were build inside of the citadel, then the temple outside may not necessarily belong to the Mesopotamian people. Then it weakens the argument by casting a doubt on the evidence

Some Mesopotamian buildings outside the “citadel” were also heavily fortified. Similar to first choice building heavily fortified or not doesn't necessarily say anything about the temple itself Incorrect

The altar was made of stone not commonly found in the region. Again same reasoning as choice 1 Incorrect

Fish were given as offerings almost exclusively to the God Luga. For Correct This choice links the offerings at teh excavated temple to the practices followed when offering God Luga. Hence, this choice strengthens the reasoning
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Hello from the GMAT Club BumpBot!

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