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OFFICIAL EXPLANATION

This sentence may sound weird, but let's try to understand what the sentence is trying to say: it's hard to count the number of species because you can't always tell whether a creature is part of a distinct species or if it's simply a variety or subcategory of a species, but scientists can give an estimate.
In that case, choice (A) is better than (B); choice (B) uses "a variety of them," and "them" is plural, but really the variety refers to "an existing species," which is singular. Choices (D) and (E) have that problem, too, so we can eliminate them.
Choice (C) mixes up a present tense and a past tense verb ("give" and "placed") in a way that makes no sense. Although the sentence may sound weird as it is, it's actually the best option.

The correct answer is Choice (A).
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