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23 Aug 2015, 20:34
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A
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
5%
(low)
Question Stats:
84% (01:22) correct
16%
(01:41)
wrong
based on 5913
sessions
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Date
Time
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Researchers studying the brain scans of volunteers who pondered ethical dilemmas have found that the basis for making tough moral judgments is emotion, not logic or analytical reasoning.
(A) the brain scans of volunteers who pondered ethical dilemmas have found that the basis for making tough moral judgments is
(B) the brain scans of volunteers who pondered ethical dilemmas and found the basis to make tough moral decisions to be
(C) the brain scans of volunteers pondering ethical dilemmas and found that the basis for making tough moral decisions is
(D) volunteers’ brain scans while pondering ethical dilemmas have found the basis to make tough moral judgments to be
(E) volunteers’ brain scans while they pondered ethical dilemmas have found that the basis for making tough moral judgments is
(A) the brain scans of volunteers who pondered ethical dilemmas have found that the basis for making tough moral judgments is
(B) the brain scans of volunteers who pondered ethical dilemmas and found the basis to make tough moral decisions to be
(C) the brain scans of volunteers pondering ethical dilemmas and found that the basis for making tough moral decisions is
(D) volunteers’ brain scans while pondering ethical dilemmas have found the basis to make tough moral judgments to be
(E) volunteers’ brain scans while they pondered ethical dilemmas have found that the basis for making tough moral judgments is
18 Dec 2018, 15:20
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Hello Everyone!
Let's tackle this question, one problem at a time, and narrow it down to the correct choice! Before we get started, here is the original question with any major differences between the options highlighted in orange:
Researchers studying the brain scans of volunteers who pondered ethical dilemmas have found that the basis for making tough moral judgments is emotion, not logic or analytical reasoning.
(A) the brain scans of volunteers who pondered ethical dilemmas have found that the basis for making tough moral judgments is
(B) the brain scans of volunteers who pondered ethical dilemmas and found the basis to make tough moral decisions to be
(C) the brain scans of volunteers pondering ethical dilemmas and found that the basis for making tough moral decisions is
(D) volunteers’ brain scans while pondering ethical dilemmas have found the basis to make tough moral judgments to be
(E) volunteers’ brain scans while they pondered ethical dilemmas have found that the basis for making tough moral judgments is
After a quick scan over the options, there are a few things we can focus on to narrow down our choices:
1. the brain scans of volunteers / volunteers' brain scans
2. have found / and found
3. for making / to make
4. is / to be
Let's start with #1 on our list: the brain scans of volunteers vs. volunteers' brain scans. While it seems like these two phrases could be interchangeable, they are not! Let's take a look at each option with the beginning of the sentence plugged in to see the difference:
(A) Researchers studying the brain scans of volunteers who pondered ethical dilemmas have found that the basis for making tough moral judgments is --> OKAY
(It's clear that the researchers are studying brain scans from volunteers who were pondering ethical dilemmas.)
(B) Researchers studying the brain scans of volunteers who pondered ethical dilemmas and found the basis to make tough moral decisions to be --> OKAY
(It's clear that the researchers are studying brain scans from volunteers who were pondering ethical dilemmas.)
(C) Researchers studying the brain scans of volunteers pondering ethical dilemmas and found that the basis for making tough moral decisions is --> OKAY
(It's clear that the researchers are studying brain scans from volunteers who were pondering ethical dilemmas.)
(D) Researchers studying volunteers’ brain scans while pondering ethical dilemmas have found the basis to make tough moral judgments to be --> INCORRECT
(The meaning of this sentence is unclear! Who was pondering ethical dilemmas? You could make a case that the researchers are pondering ethical dilemmas, or maybe the volunteers are? If it's not 100% clear, let's eliminate it due to vagueness!)
(E) Researchers studying volunteers’ brain scans while they pondered ethical dilemmas have found that the basis for making tough moral judgments is --> INCORRECT
(This is also unclear, thanks to the vague pronoun "they." WHO pondered ethical dilemmas? It's not clear at all if the pronoun "they" is referring to researchers or volunteers, so let's rule this one out too!)
We can eliminate options D & E because they include vague phrases or pronouns, which is a big no-no on the GMAT!
Now that we're left with 3 options, let's move on to #2 on the list: and found vs. have found. This is a verb issue, so let's take a look at each option with the rest of the sentence plugged in to spot the problem. To make it easier, I've also highlighted the subject of the sentence. It should be clear to you what the subject and verb are, and they should agree:
(A) Researchers studying the brain scans of volunteers who pondered ethical dilemmas have found that the basis for making tough moral judgments is emotion, not logic or analytical reasoning.
This is CORRECT! It's clear that the researchers were the ones who found that the basis for making judgements is emotion, not the volunteers!
(B) Researchers studying the brain scans of volunteers who pondered ethical dilemmas and found the basis to make tough moral decisions to be emotion, not logic or analytical reasoning.
This is INCORRECT because it changes the intended meaning. This sentence states that the volunteers pondered ethical dilemmas AND found the basis of making tough decision to be emotions. This isn't true - the researchers are the ones who found it!
(C) Researchers studying the brain scans of volunteers pondering ethical dilemmas and found that the basis for making tough moral decisions is emotion, not logic or analytical reasoning.
This is also INCORRECT because it changes meaning. It also gives the volunteers credit for finding the basis of making tough decisions, not the researchers!
There you have it - option A was correct all along! If we focus on one problem at a time, we can narrow down the options quickly and arrive at the right answer!
Don't study for the GMAT. Train for it.
Let's tackle this question, one problem at a time, and narrow it down to the correct choice! Before we get started, here is the original question with any major differences between the options highlighted in orange:
Researchers studying the brain scans of volunteers who pondered ethical dilemmas have found that the basis for making tough moral judgments is emotion, not logic or analytical reasoning.
(A) the brain scans of volunteers who pondered ethical dilemmas have found that the basis for making tough moral judgments is
(B) the brain scans of volunteers who pondered ethical dilemmas and found the basis to make tough moral decisions to be
(C) the brain scans of volunteers pondering ethical dilemmas and found that the basis for making tough moral decisions is
(D) volunteers’ brain scans while pondering ethical dilemmas have found the basis to make tough moral judgments to be
(E) volunteers’ brain scans while they pondered ethical dilemmas have found that the basis for making tough moral judgments is
After a quick scan over the options, there are a few things we can focus on to narrow down our choices:
1. the brain scans of volunteers / volunteers' brain scans
2. have found / and found
3. for making / to make
4. is / to be
Let's start with #1 on our list: the brain scans of volunteers vs. volunteers' brain scans. While it seems like these two phrases could be interchangeable, they are not! Let's take a look at each option with the beginning of the sentence plugged in to see the difference:
(A) Researchers studying the brain scans of volunteers who pondered ethical dilemmas have found that the basis for making tough moral judgments is --> OKAY
(It's clear that the researchers are studying brain scans from volunteers who were pondering ethical dilemmas.)
(B) Researchers studying the brain scans of volunteers who pondered ethical dilemmas and found the basis to make tough moral decisions to be --> OKAY
(It's clear that the researchers are studying brain scans from volunteers who were pondering ethical dilemmas.)
(C) Researchers studying the brain scans of volunteers pondering ethical dilemmas and found that the basis for making tough moral decisions is --> OKAY
(It's clear that the researchers are studying brain scans from volunteers who were pondering ethical dilemmas.)
(D) Researchers studying volunteers’ brain scans while pondering ethical dilemmas have found the basis to make tough moral judgments to be --> INCORRECT
(The meaning of this sentence is unclear! Who was pondering ethical dilemmas? You could make a case that the researchers are pondering ethical dilemmas, or maybe the volunteers are? If it's not 100% clear, let's eliminate it due to vagueness!)
(E) Researchers studying volunteers’ brain scans while they pondered ethical dilemmas have found that the basis for making tough moral judgments is --> INCORRECT
(This is also unclear, thanks to the vague pronoun "they." WHO pondered ethical dilemmas? It's not clear at all if the pronoun "they" is referring to researchers or volunteers, so let's rule this one out too!)
We can eliminate options D & E because they include vague phrases or pronouns, which is a big no-no on the GMAT!
Now that we're left with 3 options, let's move on to #2 on the list: and found vs. have found. This is a verb issue, so let's take a look at each option with the rest of the sentence plugged in to spot the problem. To make it easier, I've also highlighted the subject of the sentence. It should be clear to you what the subject and verb are, and they should agree:
(A) Researchers studying the brain scans of volunteers who pondered ethical dilemmas have found that the basis for making tough moral judgments is emotion, not logic or analytical reasoning.
This is CORRECT! It's clear that the researchers were the ones who found that the basis for making judgements is emotion, not the volunteers!
(B) Researchers studying the brain scans of volunteers who pondered ethical dilemmas and found the basis to make tough moral decisions to be emotion, not logic or analytical reasoning.
This is INCORRECT because it changes the intended meaning. This sentence states that the volunteers pondered ethical dilemmas AND found the basis of making tough decision to be emotions. This isn't true - the researchers are the ones who found it!
(C) Researchers studying the brain scans of volunteers pondering ethical dilemmas and found that the basis for making tough moral decisions is emotion, not logic or analytical reasoning.
This is also INCORRECT because it changes meaning. It also gives the volunteers credit for finding the basis of making tough decisions, not the researchers!
There you have it - option A was correct all along! If we focus on one problem at a time, we can narrow down the options quickly and arrive at the right answer!
Don't study for the GMAT. Train for it.
23 Aug 2015, 22:43
Kudos
Bookmarks
Meaning:
1. Researchers studied Brain scans of volunteers
2. Volunteers – pondered ethical dlemmas
3. Researchers found that Basis is emotion not logic or analytical reasoning.
Error Analysis
Researchers
<Ving modifier modifies researchers > studying the brain scans of volunteers (Relative pronoun referring to Volunteer) who pondered ethical dilemmas
Have found
That “basis for making tough moral judgments” (subject – singular) is emotion not logic or analytical
No subject verb error,
No modifier error.
Option A is correct as Is.
Lets do POE to make it sure.
(B) the brain scans of volunteers who pondered ethical dilemmas and found the basis to make tough moral decisions to be
No verb for subject Researchers
Illogical meaning “Volunteers pondered and found”
(C) the brain scans of volunteers pondering ethical dilemmas and found that the basis for making tough moral decisions is
Subject without verb “Researchers Blah blah and Found” part before and does not have any verb
(D) volunteers’ brain scans while pondering ethical dilemmas have found the basis to make tough moral judgments to be
Highly illogical meaning
Researchers while pondering, have found
(E) volunteers’ brain scans while they pondered ethical dilemmas have foundthat the basis for making tough moral judgments is
Incorrect same as option D
1. Researchers studied Brain scans of volunteers
2. Volunteers – pondered ethical dlemmas
3. Researchers found that Basis is emotion not logic or analytical reasoning.
Error Analysis
Researchers
<Ving modifier modifies researchers > studying the brain scans of volunteers (Relative pronoun referring to Volunteer) who pondered ethical dilemmas
Have found
That “basis for making tough moral judgments” (subject – singular) is emotion not logic or analytical
No subject verb error,
No modifier error.
Option A is correct as Is.
Lets do POE to make it sure.
(B) the brain scans of volunteers who pondered ethical dilemmas and found the basis to make tough moral decisions to be
No verb for subject Researchers
Illogical meaning “Volunteers pondered and found”
(C) the brain scans of volunteers pondering ethical dilemmas and found that the basis for making tough moral decisions is
Subject without verb “Researchers Blah blah and Found” part before and does not have any verb
(D) volunteers’ brain scans while pondering ethical dilemmas have found the basis to make tough moral judgments to be
Highly illogical meaning
Researchers while pondering, have found
(E) volunteers’ brain scans while they pondered ethical dilemmas have foundthat the basis for making tough moral judgments is
Incorrect same as option D
