Unlike all the other mammal species whose olfactory receptors, which detect smell, were studied, the African elephants use nearly 2,000 olfactory genes to smell various objects, which in turn detect their odor.

A. objects, which in turn detect
'which' modifies the noun exactly before which and the rules are strict related to which , so this is wrong modificaion case.
B. objects, and they will detect
'They will' is wrong usage of tense because they always detect the objects and thus we should use present tense.
C. objects, resulting in detecting
detecting is modifying the genes and not elephants, and thus wrong diction.
D. objects that result in detecting
use and detecting is not parallel so not a correct answer along with the reason in the option C.
E. objects and thereby detect
Correct and crisp meaning, modification and diction.

IMO Answer is E:

Unlike all the other mammal species whose olfactory receptors, which detect smell, were studied, the African elephants use nearly 2,000 olfactory genes to smell various objects, which in turn detect their odor.

A. objects, which in turn detect
B. objects, and they will detect
C. objects, resulting in detecting
D. objects that result in detecting
E. objects and thereby detect

E has to be the correct answer.

A. objects, which in turn detect
B. objects, and they will detect
C. objects, resulting in detecting
D. objects that result in detecting
E. objects and thereby detect

A can be eliminated because WHICH refers to objects and objects do not detect odour.
B can be eliminated because THEY could refer to objects as well as elephants.
C can be eliminated because the use of DETECTING is wrong. it should be detection.
D can be eliminated because of same error as A.
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Unlike all the other mammal species whose olfactory receptors, which detect smell, were studied, the African elephants use nearly 2,000 olfactory genes to smell various objects, which in turn detect their odor.

A. objects, which in turn detect
The noun-modifier "which" most directly modifies "objects" in this sentence. This makes it seem like the object is detecting the odor of the olfactory genes. Probably not the intended meaning of the sentence.

B. objects, and they will detect
"Will detect" changes the verb tense from the original unnecessarily.

C. objects, resulting in detecting
"Resulting in detecting" is unnecessarily complicated, changes the Verne tense from the original for no reason.

D. objects that result in detecting
The sentence introduces a gerund, and changes the verb tense from the original without cause. A simpler and more ideal option is available in E.

E. objects and thereby detect
States that the elephants use the receptors to smell and ... detect. The parallel verb structure seems preferable to the structure in D.

Therefore, I think E is the best answer choice here.

A. objects, which in turn detect
Modifier error. ''Which" wrongly modifies objects and gives the meaning that objects detect odor - Distorts meaning

B. objects, and they will detect
This suggests that using the receptors and detecting smell are unrelated whereas there is actually a causality here. The usage of receptors enables odor detection.

C. objects, resulting in detecting
"Resulting" wrongly modifies objects - distorts meaning

D. objects that result in detecting
"That" wrongly modifies objects - distorts meaning

E. objects and thereby detect
"Thereby" establishes a causality between usage of receptors and detecting odor.

Answer is (E)
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Unlike all the other mammal species whose olfactory receptors, which detect smell, were studied, the African elephants use nearly 2,000 olfactory genes to smell various objects, which in turn detect their odor.

A. objects, which in turn detect - Incorrect; leads to "object detect"
B. objects, and they will detect - Incorrect; we could think that "elephants will detect" or "object will detect"
C. objects, resulting in detecting - Incorrect; parallelism doesn't work here (use...resulting)
D. objects that result in detecting - Incorrect; parallelism doesn't work here (use... that result in)
E. objects and thereby detect - Correct; Parallelism: use and detect

A. …the African elephants use nearly 2,000 olfactory genes to smell various objects, which in turn detect their odor.

which refers to various objects and illogically means that various objects detect their (objects') odor. However, not various objects themselves but the elephants detect the odor of various objects.

B. …the African elephants use nearly 2,000 olfactory genes to smell various objects, and they will detect their odor.

When universal truth is meant we normally use present simple, not future tense.

In a single clause they refers to elephants while their refers to objects. That’s not ideal or good or even normal. However, there is actually one OG problem that accepts such usage because all other answers choices also have the same structure. The explanation was that logically we can understand to what they and their are referring to, so such pronoun ambiguity is acceptable. Here we definitely have a better choice, so let’s move on.

C. …the African elephants use nearly 2,000 olfactory genes to smell various objects, resulting in detecting their odor.

Comma+ resulting in is an adverbial modifier describing use and elephants. The sentence means that when elephants use genes they (elephants) result in detecting the odor. Saying that elephants result in the detection of odor is nonsensical. We are not talking about two different actions, one resulting in another, but we are talking about a single action (smelling) with two descriptions.

resulting in the detection is superior to resulting in detecting, because the latter is not so academic.

D. …the African elephants use nearly 2,000 olfactory genes to smell various objects that result in detecting their odor.

that may refer to objects or genes. In both cases the meaning is nonsensical. As in C, result in detecting is not academic.

E. …the African elephants use nearly 2,000 olfactory genes to smell various objects and thereby detect their odor.

Elephants use genes and thereby detect – here thereby conveys the correct meaning. We are talking not about two different actions, but about one action – smelling. We just give two descriptions of a single action, thus saying that elephants use genes and thereby detect is correct.

Hence E
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The first word Unlike in the sentence triggers Parallelism is about to follow.
The parallel part of the sentence is not underlined.

Then the sentence talks about mammal olfactory receptors (describes it's function - i.e. to detect smell)

Then says African has 2000 olfactory genes

The sentence mean that unlike mammals who have olfactory receptors to detect smell African elephants have 2000 olfactory genes to smell various objects

The underlined part
objects, which in turn detect

A) Which is used a modifier for object - Incorrect

B) objects, and they will detect

Pronoun they can have objects or genes as antecedent - Incorrect

C) objects, resulting in detecting - Incorrect

D) objects that result in detecting
Use of that is incorrect

E) objects and thereby detect
This means the genes can smell the object and detect the odour . Hence, Correct

IMO-E

Unlike all the other mammal species whose olfactory receptors, which detect smell, were studied, the African elephants use nearly 2,000 olfactory genes to smell various objects, which in turn detect their odor.

A. objects, which in turn detect--Incorrect-- Which modify objects(objects not detect)
B. objects, and they will detect--- Incorrect--- Pronoun "they" can refer to objects, elephants, genes.
C. objects, resulting in detecting---Incorrect-- Modifier resulting in ... doesn't make sense with subject of the clause it is modifying (Elephants)
D. objects that result in detecting----Incorrect-- that refer to objects
E. objects and thereby detect ---Correct

Unlike all the other mammal species whose olfactory receptors, which detect smell, were studied, the African elephants use nearly 2,000 olfactory genes to smell various objects, which in turn detect their odor.

A. objects, which in turn detect
This distorts the meaning stating that various objects detect their odor. Incorrect
B. objects, and they will detect
There is ambiguity regarding the use of they. Incorrect
C. objects, resulting in detecting
resulting in detecting is Incorrect
D. objects that result in detecting
result in detecting is Incorrect
E. objects and thereby detect
Unlike all....whose olfactory receptors, which detect smell, were studied, the African elephants use ... olfactory genes to smell various objects and thereby detect their door.
Use of their is unambiguous since it refers to various objects. Meaning of the sentence is also clear. Correct


IMO E
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Unlike all the other mammal species whose olfactory receptors, which detect smell, were studied, the African elephants use nearly 2,000 olfactory genes to smell various objects, which in turn detect their odor.

A. objects, which in turn detect - which refers to objects - out
B. objects, and they will detect - they ambigious can refer to objects or elephants; the two events now as if unrelated. - out
C. objects, resulting in detecting - although verb-ing modifier shows that using genes to smell objects resulting in detecting the odour, the doer of the subject should not be elephant. - out
D. objects that result in detecting - that refers to objects - out
E. objects and thereby detect - "thereby = as a result" this shows the result of the preceeding action. -wins
E wins

Unlike all the other mammal species whose olfactory receptors, which detect smell, were studied, the African elephants use nearly 2,000 olfactory genes to smell various objects, which in turn detect their odor.

Meaning:

1. All the other mammal species were studied
2. This mammals have olfactory receptors to detect smell
3. Unlike all the other mammal species, the African elephants use nearly 2,000 olfactory genes to smell various objects
4. this 2,000 olfactory genes detect elephant's odor.

Errors:

'which' modifies 'various objects' it is illogical, various objects detect their odor.

POE:

A. objects, which in turn detect

B. objects, and they will detect
('they' refers to? genes? elephants? objects? as a subject of second IC maybe its antecedent is the first IC subject - the African elephants but again this is illogical to say so, but actually 'gens' can detect odor, so this is not the best option, let's keep it, but we will look for more clear version)

C. objects, resulting in detecting
(v-ing modifier here is awful, construction is crappy, and we have shift in conveyed meaning)

D. objects that result in detecting
('that' here modifies 'object's again incorrect)

E. objects and thereby detect
(clear and concise, good parallel construction)


E is the answer
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ORIGINAL SENTENCE: Unlike all the other mammal species whose olfactory receptors, which detect smell, were studied, the African elephants use nearly 2,000 olfactory genes to smell various objects, which in turn detect their odor.

A. objects, which in turn detect
The word which incorrectly refers to the nearest noun, various objects. It is nonsensical to say that the various objects in turn detect their odor.

B. objects, and they will detect
The pronoun they has no clear antecedent. It could refer to either the African elephants or 2,000 olfactory genes.

C. objects, resulting in detecting
This choice is wordy. It is also nonsensical to say that the African elephants use olfactory genes..., (thereby) resulting in ...

D. objects that result in detecting
The word that incorrectly modifies the nearest noun, various objects. It is nonsensical to say that various objects result in detecting their odor.

E. objects and thereby detect
CORRECT ANSWER. This choice is grammatically correct and conveys the intended meaning unambiguously.

This is how I reasoned it. I am very unsure about my answer though.


Unlike all the other mammal species whose olfactory receptors, which detect smell, were studied, the African elephants use nearly 2,000 olfactory genes to smell various objects, which in turn detect their odor.

Discarded options are prefixed with X


XA. objects, which in turn detect
>>what is which referring to?? objects? genes? elephants?

XB. objects, and they will detect
>>what is they referring to?? objects?genes?elephants?

XC. objects, resulting in detecting
>>2 ings. could have been resulting in detection of ?

XD. objects that result in detecting
>> What is that referring to?? objects?genes?elephants?

E. objects and thereby detect
>> CORRECT. This is better than other given options. No use of unncessary thats and theys etc.


I am sure I have missed many other mistakes in the answer...

Unlike all the other mammal species whose olfactory receptors, which detect smell, were studied, the African elephants use nearly 2,000 olfactory genes to smell various objects, which in turn detect their odor.

A. objects, which in turn detect
(which refers to objects which doesn't make sense)

B. objects, and they will detect
(Will detect. Future tense is unnecessary)

C. objects, resulting in detecting

D. objects that result in detecting
(Just like usage of which in A, here usage of that is unnecessary)

E. objects and thereby detect

Now, Between C & E.

Parallelism in E sounds flawless.

(E) Unlike all the other mammal species whose olfactory receptors, which detect smell, were studied, the African elephants use nearly 2,000 olfactory genes to smell various objects and thereby detect their odor.

I like E better than resulting in detecting in (C).

So, I would say (E)

A. objects, which in turn detect
"which" can't be referring to its antecedent "objects" because "objects" can't detect odor.

B. objects, and they will detect
Assuming that "they" refers to "elephants, then "detect" should be in the present tense to be parallel to "use"

C. objects, resulting in detecting
"resulting" is a dangling modifier because it may be modifying either "elephants use genes" or "smell various objects".

D. objects that result in detecting
"that", as a restrictive pronoun can't be its antecedent "objects" because "objects" can't detect odor. (same error as A)

E. objects and thereby detect
Elephants use genes to smell and thereby (to) detect --> correctly explains the use of the genes and that one use is a consequence of the other while maintaining parallelism.

E

Unlike all the other mammal species whose olfactory receptors, which detect smell, were studied, the African elephants use nearly 2,000 olfactory genes to smell various objects, which in turn detect their odor.




A. objects, which in turn detect it is the odor of the objects that is detected, thus which is incorrect( objects do not detect their odor)
B. objects, and they will detectthey will not detect in future. Incorrect use of tenses
C. objects, resulting in detectingNot a function , "result in" does not modify either genes or elephants
D. objects that result in detectingIt is not objects that result in detecting odor
E. objects and thereby detect this correctly explains that elephants use 2000 genes and thus detect odor. Clear separation of subject
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A. objects, which in turn detect
The original sentence sound like the objects themselves detect their odor.

B. objects, and they will detect
Wrong tense.

C. objects, resulting in detecting
“Resulting in detecting” is wordy and awkward.

D. objects that result in detecting
The sentence construction makes it look like the objects detect the odor.

E. objects and thereby detect
Provides the result in a clear way.

Answer E

Unlike all the other mammal species whose olfactory receptors, which detect smell, were studied, the African elephants use nearly 2,000 olfactory genes to smell various objects, which in turn detect their odor.

Meaning of the sentence: Olfactory receptors of various mammal species were studied. In contrast to other mammal species that were studied, African elephant uses nearly 2000 olfactory genes to smell various object, and in turn detect the objects' odor.

Error(s):
1) modifier error: the underlined portion suggests that the objects in turn detect their odor.
2) pronoun antecedent ambiguity: pronoun their refers to object, or genes is not clear per the construction of the sentence. However, their should refer to the various objects which are smelled by the elephants.

A. objects, which in turn detect
1) modifier error: the underlined portion suggests that the objects in turn detect their odor.
2) pronoun antecedent ambiguity: pronoun their refers to object, or genes is not clear per the construction of the sentence. However, their should refer to the various objects which are smelled by the elephant.

B. objects, and they will detect
not clear who will detect whose odor

C. objects, resulting in detecting
the use of nearly 2000 olfactory genes doesn't itself result in detection of the odor. The sentence intends to convey the meaning that the African elephant detects the objects'odor using numerous olfactory genes.

D. objects that result in detecting
modifier error: the underlined portion suggests that the objects in turn detect their odor.

E. objects and thereby detect
It correctly conveys the intended meaning.

Answer: E