Using digital enhancements of skull fragments from five prehistoric

Rocket7

First, note that "had" precedes a noun, so it isn't being used to form past perfect. It's simply serving as the past tense of "have."

A: Your analysis makes sense. The initial modifier (before the comma) serves as an adverbial modifier showing how anthropologists support their argument. Then we have the main clause ("anthropologists argue") followed by a dependent clause showing the substance of the argument ("that these ancestors had hearing . . . ").

B: "So" introduces a consequence. So . . . the meaning here translates to "Using enhancements, anthropologists argue (about what, we have no idea). Therefore, these human ancestors had hearing similar to ours." This makes no sense! We don't have to worry about the antecedent for "these," since it is followed by a noun that specifies what we're talking about.

C: Placing "anthropologists argue" between commas makes it NOT part of the main action, almost as we had "she said" in that spot. So C translates to this: "Anthropologists argue that human ancestors used digital enhancements to have hearing similar to ours." That's clearly not good! It's not just awkward. (In fact, "awkward" is very really a good reason to cut out an answer choice, except when we are relying on intuition.)

D and E: These both place the human ancestors in the subject position. That would make the initial modifier apply to their action. Since our ancestors weren't the ones using digital enhancements, we can cross these out immediately.
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A. anthropologists argue that these human ancestors - Correct

B. anthropologists argue, so these human ancestors - Incorrect - Illogical + 'argue that' is required

C. anthropologists argue, these human ancestors - Incorrect - Awkward construction

D. these human ancestors, anthropologists argue, - Incorrect - Modifier error

E. these human ancestors are argued by anthropologists to have - Incorrect - Modifier error

Answer: A

Argue that is correct idiomatic usage , and is best among the options presented, hence correct answer is (A)
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Without a doubt, A.

B, C, D is not even a complete sentence as it doesn't have an active verb.

E has a modifier error as it wasn't the human ancestors that was using digital enhancements.

Trying to explore few more errors as a part of analysis.

POE:Eliminated D,E as a modifier error and B,C idiom error(argue that).

In B,C apart from idiom is there any other error?
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Using digital enhancements of skull fragments from five prehistoric hominids dating to more than 350,000 years ago, anthropologists argue that these human ancestors probably had hearing similar to that of people today.

A. anthropologists argue that these human ancestors -
B. anthropologists argue, so these human ancestors - Illogical meaning - anthropologists don't argue using digital enhancements
C. anthropologists argue, these human ancestors - - Illogical meaning
D. these human ancestors, anthropologists argue, - Modifier error - illogical
E. these human ancestors are argued by anthropologists to have- Modifier error - illogical


Answer A
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(eliminating from most obvious ones to least)

• [Modifier Error] in (D) and (E)
  - This construction indicates that "these human ancestors" are the ones using "digital enhancements" which is wrong.
• [Illogical Construction/Meaning Issue] in both (B) and (C)
  - "anthropologists argue," (followed by comma) does not have an object, hence incomplete thought. "argue that ..." is the proper usage.
• (A) is the correct answer.

We can immediately eliminate and "d" and "e" because they are dangling modifiers. In other words, the first part of the sentence "using...." refers to the anthropologists- anthropologists are doing the arguing not the human ancestors. Secondly,what do the anthropologists argue exactly? The anthropologists argue___ (insert that).


Thus
"A"

it is clear that some OA in other questions from OG or GMATPREP "that" is cut off for some other verb
we can infer that "retaining of "that" is more formal

or
is is possible that "that" is compulsory for the verb "argue".

I think this rule is flexible

can be appear in OA.

can "that" is cut off in the following

these anscestor , the anthopologist argue/think, are good


pls, explain

simply we can say that if we see a split between "that" and "no that", choose the choice with "that" because "that " is considered "more formal".

is it right?

Please explain D since I am unable to rule that out.

The sentence starts with 'using' this acts as a modifer and after this modifier ends with a comma, the entity who is 'using' has to follow. In this case, anthropologists.

Basically we ask who is 'using'.

Hope it helps.

Sent from my XT1562 using GMAT Club Forum mobile app

A. anthropologists argue that these human ancestors
B. anthropologists argue, so these human ancestors
C. anthropologists argue, these human ancestors
D. these human ancestors, anthropologists argue,
E. these human ancestors are argued by anthropologists to have

Anthropologists using enhancements.... rather than human ancestors.

A. anthropologists argue that these human ancestors

B. anthropologists argue, so these human ancestors

C. anthropologists argue, these human ancestors

D. these human ancestors, anthropologists argue,

E. these human ancestors are argued by anthropologists to have

We need people who used digital enhancements after comma, so D and E are out.

We require "argue that" , and also comma after argue is wrong in B and C. It seems that they argue Using digital enhancements.

Hence (A)
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adkikani any chance you can help

here are my doubts/concerns:

Option A: What are the two past events that are mentioned in Option A, since "had" is used. And whats the sentence structure of Option A is it: Verb-ing, IC DC?

Option B: Is option B wrong solely because of the incomplete/wrong idiom? Can we say that option B is grammatically correct but logically wrong? Since the sentence structure seems right we have a verb-ing, IC, Fanboys IC. Or is it that we do not have an antecedent for pronoun these? But we don't have an antecedent for the pronoun "these" in answer choice A also.

Option C: Is this option wrong solely because of meaning and awkwardness. Can we say the sentence construction is correct?

I am trying to dig deeper to understand why B and D are incorrect and why A is correct.

Appreciate the input

Eliminate D and E > Modifier Error
Eliminate B and C > Idiom Error.

Hence, Option A

A. anthropologists argue that these human ancestors
B. anthropologists argue, so these human ancestors
C. anthropologists argue, these human ancestors
D. these human ancestors, anthropologists argue,
E. these human ancestors are argued by anthropologists to have