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13 Dec 2018, 20:47
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vanam52923
vanam52923,
Note that the question stem is different in the two cases.
Vending machine - looking for the assumption - The assumption is an internal part of the argument. Something that the conclusion has assumed to be true. It is a missing link. The argument coaxes us to not install vending machines because if students drink more soft drinks, they will be less healthy. We are assuming that installing vending machines will lead to more consumption of soft drinks. Note that whether students will bring soft drinks from home is not relevant to our argument.
Hand and wrist injuries - looking for useful to evaluate - This is an external part of the argument. Something outside the argument that will better help us figure out whether our plan will succeed. The plan is to bring a sharp decrease in the number of injuries. If students spend too much time outside school in incorrect posture, the sharp decrease we are looking for may not come. Hence it is relevant to our plan.
Now, if you change the vending machine question and look for something "useful to evaluate" e.g.
Which of the following will be most useful to evaluate whether school's plan of improving the health of students work?
Now, whether they bring soft drinks from home will become relevant.
13 Dec 2018, 20:57
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VeritasKarishma
Thank you so much
15 Dec 2018, 01:08
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VeritasKarishma
Hi Karishma.
SO I have been struggling with causation for a long time now. I often get confused when we have decide whether an alternate cause can actually become a weakner or not.
1.Journalist: In physics journals, the number of articles reporting the results of experiments involving particle accelerators was lower last year than it had been in previous years. Several of the particle accelerators at major research institutions were out of service the year before last for repairs, so it is likely that the low number of articles was due to the decline in availability of particle accelerators.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the journalist’s argument?
Recent changes in the editorial policies of several physics journals have decreased the likelihood that articles concerning particle-accelerator research will be accepted for publication.
2. A study of marital relationships in which one partner's sleeping and waking cycles differ from those of other partner reveals that such couples share fewer activities with each other and have more violent arguments than do couples in a relationship in which both partners follow the same sleeping and waking patterns . Thus, mismatched sleeping and waking cycles can seriously jeopardize a marriage.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?
Married couples in which both spouses follow the same sleeping and waking patterns also have arguments that can jeopardize the couple's marriage.
3. 12 years ago and again 5 years ago, there were extended periods when the Darfir Republic's currency, the pundra, was weak: its value was unusually low relative to the world's most stable currencies. Both times a weak pundra made Darfir's manufactured products a bargain on world markets, and Darfir's exports were up substantially. Now some politicians are saying that, in order to cause another similarly sized increase in exports, the government should allow the pundra to become weak again.
Which of the following, if true, provides the government with the strongest grounds to doubt that the politicians' recommendation, if followed, will achieve its aim?
A sharp improvement in the efficiency of Darfir's manufacturing plants would make Darfir's product a bargain on world markets even without any weakening of the pundra relative to other currencies.
In case 1 the causation implies a past event.
Hence the alternate cause is actually a weakner.
Thus, mismatched sleeping and waking cycles can seriously jeopardize a marriage.
In case 2 the causation is more like a characteristic,
Hence the alternate cause is not a weakner.
Also, we can say that the argument says that
A and B occur together and then assumes that A causes B.
Hence the alternate cause will not be a weakner.
The government should allow the pundra to become weak again.
In case 3 the causation relates to a future event
Hence the alternate cause is not a weakner.
Now in the mood elevation question:
Conclusion:
sugars can play a major role in mood elevation.
Can we say that this option is more like case 2. Since it says "can", the alternate cause is not a weakner.
But, if we were to drop can and say that
Sugars play a major role in mood elevation,
in this case Only A causes B will be an assumption.
Looking forward to your analysis.
Regards
Nitesh
