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10 Jul 2024, 07:00
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E
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
65%
(hard)
Question Stats:
62% (02:11) correct
38%
(02:20)
wrong
based on 785
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Since new environmental regulations were enacted last year, factories emitting pollutants above a certain level must install advanced filtration systems. Therefore, any factory that has not installed such a system since last year must be emitting pollutants below the required level.
The reasoning above exhibits a flaw similar to one in which of the following?
A. Any animal classified as a reptile must be cold-blooded, so if an animal is not cold-blooded, it cannot be classified as a reptile.
B. All licensed drivers must pass a driving test, and since Jorge has passed a driving test, he must be a licensed driver.
C. A person who is an elected official must reside in the district they represent, so anyone who does not reside in a particular district cannot be an elected official there.
D. Every person entering the country must go through customs; therefore, the increase in the number of customs agents will necessarily lead to a decrease in the number of people entering the country.
E. All professional athletes must undergo regular drug testing; hence, if someone has not undergone drug testing, they must not be a professional athlete.
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The reasoning above exhibits a flaw similar to one in which of the following?
A. Any animal classified as a reptile must be cold-blooded, so if an animal is not cold-blooded, it cannot be classified as a reptile.
B. All licensed drivers must pass a driving test, and since Jorge has passed a driving test, he must be a licensed driver.
C. A person who is an elected official must reside in the district they represent, so anyone who does not reside in a particular district cannot be an elected official there.
D. Every person entering the country must go through customs; therefore, the increase in the number of customs agents will necessarily lead to a decrease in the number of people entering the country.
E. All professional athletes must undergo regular drug testing; hence, if someone has not undergone drug testing, they must not be a professional athlete.
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10 Jul 2024, 08:00
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Bunuel
GMAT Club Official Explanation:
Correct Answer: E. All professional athletes must undergo regular drug testing; hence, if someone has not undergone drug testing, they must not be a professional athlete.
The original argument has a flaw - looking at factories in a very simplistic and naive way. It assumes that the only reason a factory would not install an advanced filtration system is that it emits pollutants below the required level. This argument overlooks other potential reasons for not installing the filtration system, such as the factory being closed, exempt or emitting pollution illegally, for example.
E assumes that the only possible way for someone to be a professional athlete is if they have undergone drug testing, ignoring other potential scenarios, such as a professional athlete who hasn't been tested yet due to timing, oversight, or other reasons. This mirrors the flawed logic in the original argument, where the absence of a filtration system was taken as proof of compliance.
A. Any animal classified as a reptile must be cold-blooded, so if an animal is not cold-blooded, it cannot be classified as a reptile.
We know that this is a logical statement; if being cold-blooded is a necessary condition for being a reptile, then not being cold-blooded correctly excludes an animal from being a reptile. There is no flaw in the reasoning. Eliminate.
B. All licensed drivers must pass a driving test, and since Jorge has passed a driving test, he must be a licensed driver.
This answer choice has a sufficiency flaw - assuming that one condition is enough while others are present. Kind of like every square is a rectangle but not every rectangle is a square. In this case, assuming that passing the test automatically means Jorge has a license, ignoring other necessary conditions like age or legal documentation or the fact that the license could have been revoked. This is a different line of reasoning. Eliminate
C. A person who is an elected official must reside in the district they represent, so anyone who does not reside in a particular district cannot be an elected official there.
Similar to A, this choice spells out a requirement and then arrives to a logical conclusion based on that requirement. Cannot indicates an ability - this is a subtle difference from "is not an elected official" and is also different from "if someone does not reside in the district, they must not be an elected official" (which is more in line with the logical flaw above). There is no flaw in the reasoning as written, however. Eliminate.
D. Every person entering the country must go through customs; therefore, the increase in the number of customs agents will necessarily lead to a decrease in the number of people entering the country.
This answer choice introduces a different flaw - a cause and effect and also a very bizare relationship of increase in customs officers reducing the number of people entering the country. No idea why it would happen as it is illogical. We can eliminate it.
General Discussion
10 Jul 2024, 07:07
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E is the correct answer as the onus to get tested is on athletes and it assumes that all athletes are diligently getting tested and if they are not they must not be athletes. This is similar to the flaw in assumption in the question stem where the onus to install filters was on factories.
