When Congress reconvenes, some newly elected members from rural states

Excellent feedback!!

A&B: and cannot be used in this context because it would read "to try and", thereby giving no explanation of the action/verb. Missing verb.


(C) establishing tighter restrictions for the amount of grain farmers are allowed to grow and to encourage
will try is future tense. establishing is present tense. GMAT condemns tense changes unless those tense changes are in the case of past perfect situations.

(D) to establish tighter restrictions on the amount of grain capable of being grown by farmers and encouraging
being is almost always wrong. passive.


(E) to establish tighter restrictions on the amount of grain farmers will be allowed to grow and to encourage
correct

Hi,

Can someone help me in identifying SV pairs. As per my understanding, Clauses are the building blocks of any sentence. In addition, there are set of rules to join Independent and Dependent Clauses.
Also, Subject and Verb doesn't reside in prepositional phrases.

When Congress reconvenes, some newly elected members from rural states will try to establish tighter restrictions on the amount of grain farmers will be allowed to grow and to encourage more aggressive sales of United States farm products overseas.

Identifying SV pairs -

Subject - Congress Verb Reconvenes
Subject - newly elected members Verb - will try to establish and to encourage

What is the subject of Verb - will be allowed. My sense says it should be amount. But Since noun "Amount" is following preposition ON, therefore it can't be the subject of the noun - amount.

Can someone please clarify.

Thanks

Hii Himanshu.

When Congress reconvenes, some newly elected members from rural states will try to establish tighter restrictions on the amount of grain farmers will be allowed to grow and to encourage more aggressive sales of United States farm products overseas

Blue portion is the verb and the subject of the verb is "tighter restrictions".
Please note that a prepositional phrase will never contain the subject of the sentence.

For more on prepositional phrases, do visit:https://gmatclub.com/forum/the-prepositional-phrases-143456.html
That will help you.

Let me know if anything remains unclear.

Hi Himanshu,

When Congress reconvenes, some newly elected members from rural states will try to establish tighter restrictions on the amount of grain farmers will be allowed to grow and to encourage more aggressive sales of United States farm products overseas.

Here are clauses in the sentence:

Cl. 1: When Congress reconvenes, (DC)
Cl. 2: some newly elected members from rural states will try to establish tighter restrictions on the amount of grain (IC)
Cl. 3: farmers will be allowed to grow and to encourage more aggressive sales of United States farm products overseas. (DC)

(blue = subjcets, green = verbs)

You identified the correct verb “will be allowed (to grow)”. Logically, who will be allowed to grow grain? The answer is certainly the farmers.

Hope this helps.
Thanks.
Shraddha.

Thanks Shradha for the quickie..
I missed the Farmers part. Here, THAT is working as an object of the clause, which may or may not be written in a sentence. Am I correct

some newly elected members from rural states will try to establish tighter restrictions on the amount of grain THAT farmers will be allowed to grow and to encourage more aggressive sales of United States farm products overseas.

Hi Himanshu,
Yes, you are absolutely correct. "that" is understood here.

IMO its always good to learn from the official answers pattern...so that we are familiar with patterns which GMAT assumes as correct.
overall GMAT doesnt uses a specific grammar book...its their rule ,all we can do is just make note of them and use them ...in the exam.

for this question there is quick way to eliminate A/B.
WHENEVER we use AND we separate two things which are separate.
now if you see....in this ==>will try AND establish...
these two things are not separate ..means actually ..it is trying TO ESTABLISH.
SO in all such cases use of AND is wrong...we need TO..
SO CORRECT OPTION WILL CONTAIN WILL TRY TO ESTABLISH

similar usage in one more official question:

A proposal has been made to trim the horns from rhinoceroses to discourage poachers; the question is whether tourists will continue to visit game parks and see rhinoceroses after their horns are trimmed.

A) whether tourists will continue to visit game parks and see rhinoceroses after their horns are
B) whether tourists will continue to visit game parks to see one once their horns are
C) whether tourists will continue to visit game parks to see rhinoceroses once the animals' horns have been
D) if tourists will continue to visit game parks and see rhinoceroses once the animals' horns are
E) if tourists will continue to visit game parks to see one after the animals' horns have been

now here VISIT and SEE are not separate work...as people will visit for the purpose of seeing only(in this case)
so here use of AND is again wrong....NOW THE CORRECT OPTION IN THIS CASE IS C..which correctly uses...to visit ..to see

now coming to original question ..we have eliminated A and B

(C) establishing tighter restrictions for the amount of grain farmers are allowed to grow and to encourage
WRONG..
= restriction -on ==>correct IDIOM.
= TRY ESTABLISHING =>this is wrong usage as per context here.

(D) to establish tighter restrictions on the amount of grain capable of being grown by farmers and encouraging
WRONG..
=capable of being grown==>this is unnecessary wordy.
= use of being --this is always like a red alert

(E) to establish tighter restrictions on the amount of grain farmers will be allowed to grow and to encourage
CORRECT

(E) to establish tighter restrictions on the amount of grain farmers will be allowed to grow and to encourage
i got right but i don't understand how a sentence can have two verbs which are not well connected with 'and'

here we have will try and another will >>>> it looks like very wordy but it is the right answer !!!!!


please help

As per the meaning of the sentence - congress (newly elected members) will try to carry out 2 things :

a. establish tighter restrictions
b. encourage more aggressive sales

These two activities are correctly (adhering to parallelism) joined by "AND".

Sv pair - 1. Congress reconvenes

2. Members will try

First Glance

The underline begins with the word and. keep an eye out for Parallelism and Structure issues.

Issues

(1) Meaning: try and establish

The original sentence has a meaning problem: members will try and establish restrictions. Whenever you see an X and Y structure with two verbs (like this one), check whether the logical meaning is actually will try to establish restrictions.

How to know which it is? When the parallel marker and is used, the sentence is discussing two parallel but separate verbs: the members will try and, separately, the members will establish these restrictions. In this case, the meaning is illogical. The members are trying to establish; they have the intention to establish these restrictions. Eliminate answers (A) and (B).

Although people will use try and establish in casual conversation all the time, the meaning is still illogical. The test writers are trying to get you to fall for false parallelism, but the sentence shouldn't have a parallel structure here.

Answer (C) is suspect; establishing might be okay, but the construction in answers (D) and (E) (try to establish) is better. Put a question mark next to answer (C).

(2) Idiom: establish restrictions for

The original sentence uses the idiom establish restrictions for the amount of something. The correct idiom is to establish restrictions on the amount or usage of something.

Eliminate answers (A) and (C) because they use the incorrect idiom establish restrictions for.

Parallelism: X and Y

The original sentence also contains a real instance of the parallelism marker X and Y:

(A) will try and establish and to encourage
(B) will try and establish and encouraging
(C) will try establishing and to encourage
(D) will try to establish and encouraging
(E) will try to establish and to encourage

Answer (A) and (B) use the form will establish for the X portion. Neither to encourage nor encouraging is an acceptable match for the Y portion. Answers (C) and (D) pair a participle with an infinitive; both are not parallel. Only answer (E) offers a parallel structure: to establish and to encourage. Eliminate answers (A), (B), (C), and (D).

(4) Meaning: able to be; capable of being

Answers (A), (C), and (E) indicate that the government is trying to restrict what some people will be allowed to grow. Answer (B) talks about what is able to be grown and answer (D) talks about what is capable of being grown. Are all versions acceptable?

Allowed means permitted: the government permits the farmers to grow a certain amount of grain. What farmers are able to grow or capable of growing is a different issue. One farmer might be able to grow more than the restrictions would allow while another farmer might be capable of growing less than the restrictions allow. The government can't determine this; it just depends how much land a farmer has, how good she is at growing grain, and so on. Eliminate answers (B) and (D) for an illogical meaning.

The Correct Answer

Correct answer (E) fixes the original meaning issue by using the construction will try to establish. It also offers the parallel construction to establish and to encourage.

In this easy question, to keep parallelism between two factors connected by an 'and', we need two identical parts of speech. In the given context, to establish and to encourage is the only combo as in E that sticks to this tenet and hence, is the answer

When Congress reconvenes, some newly elected members from rural states will try and establish tighter restrictions for the amount of grain farmers are to be allowed to grow and to encourage more aggressive sales of United States farm products overseas

Removing the fluff we notice the phrase 'members will try and establish....' is wrong. Are they trying and establishing or trying to establish. Since the form 'to establish' is correct, eliminate A,B and C

In answer D, the phrase 'grain capable of being grown' is wordy and there is an issue with parallelism. 'To establish' and 'encouraging'.

Answer E clears all these issues.

When Congress reconvenes, some newly elected members from rural states will try and establish tighter restrictions for the amount of grain farmers are to be allowed to grow and to encourage more aggressive sales of United States farm products overseas.

(A) and establish tighter restrictions for the amount of grain farmers are to be allowed to grow and to encourage
(B) and establish tighter restrictions on the amount of grain able to be grown by farmers and encouraging
(C) establishing tighter restrictions for the amount of grain farmers are allowed to grow and to encourage
(D) to establish tighter restrictions on the amount of grain capable of being grown by farmers and encouraging
(E) to establish tighter restrictions on the amount of grain farmers will be allowed to grow and to encourage

E

When Congress reconvenes, some newly elected members from rural states will try and establish tighter restrictions for the amount of grain farmers are to be allowed to grow and to encourage more aggressive sales of United States farm products overseas.

(A) and establish tighter restrictions for the amount of grain farmers are to be allowed to grow and to encourage

(A) is wrong because it is saying elected members will "try" tighter restrictions and will "establish" tighter restrictions.
This is illogical. How can members try restrictions? Therefore, they must be trying "to establish" tighter restrictions.

This is why I picked (E), logical meaning, and correct parallelism.

IMO E

to establish tighter restrictions on the amount of grain farmers will be allowed to grow and to encourage- rectifies the original meaning issue by using the infinitive TO. Also conveys the parallel construction to establish and to encourage.

We can eliminate Options A and B for the use of ‘and’

The verb ‘establish’ becomes inactive without the use of ‘to’ right before it.

We are looking for Options that use ‘to establish’.

We have Options D and E.

But Option D is not parallel. We need the last portion of the sentence to say ‘to encourage’ to parallel with ‘to establish’.

For this reason, Option D is out. Eliminate.

Option E is the best choice.

Hope this helps!

When Congress reconvenes, some newly elected members from rural states will try and establish tighter restrictions for the amount of grain farmers are to be allowed to grow and to encourage more aggressive sales of United States farm products overseas.


(A) and establish tighter restrictions for the amount of grain farmers are to be allowed to grow and to encourage X

(B) and establish tighter restrictions on the amount of grain able to be grown by farmers and encouraging X

(C) establishing tighter restrictions for the amount of grain farmers are allowed to grow and to encourage X

(D) to establish tighter restrictions on the amount of grain capable of being grown by farmers and encouraging X

(E) to establish tighter restrictions on the amount of grain farmers will be allowed to grow and to encourage CORRECT