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Judge Lois Forer’s study asks why do some litigants have a preferred status over others in the use of a public resource, the courts, which in theory are available to all but in fact are unequally distributed among rich and poor.

Meaning: The judge asks why some people have a preferred status over other in the use of court. The court, which is in theory available to all but in fact are unequally distributed. In this sentence, the question is in reported form, so no conversion should be used.

(A) do some litigants have a preferred status over others in the use of a public resource, the courts, which in theory are available to all but in fact are unequally distributed among reverse order of noun and verb --> incorrect

(B) some litigants have a preferred status over others in the use of a public resource, the courts, which in theory are available to all but in fact are unequally distributed between Question OK. the second clause has both subject and verb. Also, between is used for a list of two

(C) do some litigants have a preferred status over another in the use of a public resource, the courts, in theory available to all but in fact are unequally distributed among reverse order of noun and verb --> incorrect

(D) some litigants have a preferred status to another in the use of a public resource, the courts, in theory available to all but in fact not equally distributed between The second clause should have "does not" instead of "not" only.

(E) does one litigant have a preferred status over the other in the use of a public resource, the courts, in theory available to all but in fact they are not equally distributed among reverse order of noun and verb --> incorrect
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Why doesn't which refer back to a public resource? If courts is encapsulated within two commas then which could refer to the noun before courts right?

Hi

Here, "public resource" plays the role of a descriptive phrase for the noun "courts". In other words, it provides additional information about the key noun in the clause. For example:

Panic, one of the primal human emotions, is sometimes beneficial as it produces adrenaline and triggers a “flight or fight” response.

The underlined portion is an appositive and plays the same role as "public resource" in the question. It refers specifically to "courts" and provides additional information about them. Appositives can sometimes also act as replacement phrases, for example:

The creature, a descendant of dinosaurs, had large, scaly wings.

What had large scaly wings? Whether you say "The creature" or "a descendant of dinosaurs" (which is "the creature"), the meaning is the same. Similarly, whethe "which" refers to "courts" or "public resource" makes no difference to the sentence's meaning, since both refer to the same entity.

Hope this helps.
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Judge Lois Forer’s study asks why do some litigants have a preferred status over others in the use of a public resource, the courts, which in theory are available to all but in fact are unequally distributed among rich and poor.


(A) do some litigants have a preferred status over others in the use of a public resource, the courts, which in theory are available to all but in fact are unequally distributed among

Two groups: rich and poor -- 'between' should be used instead of 'among', which is for three or more groups.

(B) some litigants have a preferred status over others in the use of a public resource, the courts, which in theory are available to all but in fact are unequally distributed between

Looks good. Keep.

(C) do some litigants have a preferred status over another in the use of a public resource, the courts, in theory available to all but in fact are unequally distributed among

Two groups: rich and poor -- 'between' should be used instead of 'among', which is for three or more groups.

(D) some litigants have a preferred status to another in the use of a public resource, the courts, in theory available to all but in fact not equally distributed between

'another' is incorrect. Should be 'others'

(E) does one litigant have a preferred status over the other in the use of a public resource, the courts, in theory available to all but in fact they are not equally distributedamong

Two groups: rich and poor -- 'between' should be used instead of 'among', which is for three or more groups.
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Judge Lois Forer’s study asks why do some litigants have a preferred status over others in the use of a public resource, the courts, which in theory are available to all but in fact are unequally distributed among rich and poor.


(A) do some litigants have a preferred status over others in the use of a public resource, the courts, which in theory are available to all but in fact are unequally distributed among

(B) some litigants have a preferred status over others in the use of a public resource, the courts, which in theory are available to all but in fact are unequally distributed between

(C) do some litigants have a preferred status over another in the use of a public resource, the courts, in theory available to all but in fact are unequally distributed among

(D) some litigants have a preferred status to another in the use of a public resource, the courts, in theory available to all but in fact not equally distributed between

(E) does one litigant have a preferred status over the other in the use of a public resource, the courts, in theory available to all but in fact they are not equally distributed among

For two "between" is used for more than two "among" is used. Rich and poor, so we need between. A, C, and E are out.

Between B and D, plural "other" is right over singular "another" to comply with the plural litigants.

The answer is B.
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Hello experts ,
A prompt question regarding the between and among split, I know that between is for two elements , but in this case , isn't the problem referring to rich and poor people so couldn't "among rich and poor people" work? (we are talking about several individuals) , or is it because "people" is absent we have to use between?
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Hello experts ,
A prompt question regarding the between and among split, I know that between is for two elements , but in this case , isn't the problem referring to rich and poor people so couldn't "among rich and poor people" work? (we are talking about several individuals) , or is it because "people" is absent we have to use between?
Good question, UNSTOPPABLE12. It is the separation or grouping of people into two socio-economic tiers that justifies the presence of between in the sentence at hand, particularly in the absence of any word that would refer to individuals. The same consideration enters the picture when discussing the comparative versus the superlative construction. Both of the following sentences are grammatically sound.

Comparative: Elon Musk is wealthier than anybody else on Earth. (One individual is compared to a group that consists of all others.)

Superlative: Elon Musk is the wealthiest person on Earth. (One individual is compared to all other individuals.)

Getting back to the sentence at hand, there is no compelling argument to be made for rich and poor in reference to individuals, since the distinction is between these two groups, rather than individuals within one group or the other. That is, some litigants seem to be dumped into one category or the other for the purposes of the study by Judge Lois Forer.

I hope that helps add some clarity to the matter.

- Andrew
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KocharRohit
Judge Lois Forer’s study asks why do some litigants have a preferred status over others in the use of a public resource, the courts, which in theory are available to all but in fact are unequally distributed among rich and poor.


(A) do some litigants have a preferred status over others in the use of a public resource, the courts, which in theory are available to all but in fact are unequally distributed among

(B) some litigants have a preferred status over others in the use of a public resource, the courts, which in theory are available to all but in fact are unequally distributed between

(C) do some litigants have a preferred status over another in the use of a public resource, the courts, in theory available to all but in fact are unequally distributed among

(D) some litigants have a preferred status to another in the use of a public resource, the courts, in theory available to all but in fact not equally distributed between

(E) does one litigant have a preferred status over the other in the use of a public resource, the courts, in theory available to all but in fact they are not equally distributed among

Split is among rich and poor vs. between rich and poor. Here two entities mentioned. A, C & E out.

In D: some litigants have a preferred status to another.....? it shall beothers......Out

Remaining is B
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KocharRohit
Judge Lois Forer’s study asks why do some litigants have a preferred status over others in the use of a public resource, the courts, which in theory are available to all but in fact are unequally distributed among rich and poor.


(A) do some litigants have a preferred status over others in the use of a public resource, the courts, which in theory are available to all but in fact are unequally distributed among

(B) some litigants have a preferred status over others in the use of a public resource, the courts, which in theory are available to all but in fact are unequally distributed between

(C) do some litigants have a preferred status over another in the use of a public resource, the courts, in theory available to all but in fact are unequally distributed among

(D) some litigants have a preferred status to another in the use of a public resource, the courts, in theory available to all but in fact not equally distributed between


(E) does one litigant have a preferred status over the other in the use of a public resource, the courts, in theory available to all but in fact they are not equally distributed among


SC48461.01

https://www.nytimes.com/1984/06/17/books/unequal-before-the-law.html

While many have objected to crowded calendars, trial delays and overworked judges, she is among the few to ask a different kind of question. Why, she inquires, do ''some litigants have such a preferred status over others'' in the use of public resources, the courts, which in theory are available to all but in fact are so unequally distributed between rich and poor? Furthermore, why do we tolerate the great disparity in access to the legal and investigative talent required to protect precious rights?


Hi GMATNinja I wanted to get a sense of what does this part mean "the courts, which in theory are available to all but in fact are unequally distributed between"

Is it a Noun plus noun modifier? IS courts a "public resource" that the preceding clause mentions?

Please respond.
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KocharRohit
Judge Lois Forer’s study asks why do some litigants have a preferred status over others in the use of a public resource, the courts, which in theory are available to all but in fact are unequally distributed among rich and poor.


(A) do some litigants have a preferred status over others in the use of a public resource, the courts, which in theory are available to all but in fact are unequally distributed among

(B) some litigants have a preferred status over others in the use of a public resource, the courts, which in theory are available to all but in fact are unequally distributed between

(C) do some litigants have a preferred status over another in the use of a public resource, the courts, in theory available to all but in fact are unequally distributed among

(D) some litigants have a preferred status to another in the use of a public resource, the courts, in theory available to all but in fact not equally distributed between


(E) does one litigant have a preferred status over the other in the use of a public resource, the courts, in theory available to all but in fact they are not equally distributed among


SC48461.01

https://www.nytimes.com/1984/06/17/books/unequal-before-the-law.html

While many have objected to crowded calendars, trial delays and overworked judges, she is among the few to ask a different kind of question. Why, she inquires, do ''some litigants have such a preferred status over others'' in the use of public resources, the courts, which in theory are available to all but in fact are so unequally distributed between rich and poor? Furthermore, why do we tolerate the great disparity in access to the legal and investigative talent required to protect precious rights?


Hi GMATNinja I wanted to get a sense of what does this part mean "the courts, which in theory are available to all but in fact are unequally distributed between"

Is it a Noun plus noun modifier? IS courts a "public resource" that the preceding clause mentions?

Please respond.
Yes, exactly! The "courts" are indeed the "public resource," and the "which" clause modifies "courts" -- we know it modifies a plural noun because the verb ("are") is plural.
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KocharRohit
Judge Lois Forer’s study asks why do some litigants have a preferred status over others in the use of a public resource, the courts, which in theory are available to all but in fact are unequally distributed among rich and poor.


(A) do some litigants have a preferred status over others in the use of a public resource, the courts, which in theory are available to all but in fact are unequally distributed among

(B) some litigants have a preferred status over others in the use of a public resource, the courts, which in theory are available to all but in fact are unequally distributed between

(C) do some litigants have a preferred status over another in the use of a public resource, the courts, in theory available to all but in fact are unequally distributed among

(D) some litigants have a preferred status to another in the use of a public resource, the courts, in theory available to all but in fact not equally distributed between


(E) does one litigant have a preferred status over the other in the use of a public resource, the courts, in theory available to all but in fact they are not equally distributed among


SC48461.01

https://www.nytimes.com/1984/06/17/books/unequal-before-the-law.html

While many have objected to crowded calendars, trial delays and overworked judges, she is among the few to ask a different kind of question. Why, she inquires, do ''some litigants have such a preferred status over others'' in the use of public resources, the courts, which in theory are available to all but in fact are so unequally distributed between rich and poor? Furthermore, why do we tolerate the great disparity in access to the legal and investigative talent required to protect precious rights?


Hi GMATNinja I wanted to get a sense of what does this part mean "the courts, which in theory are available to all but in fact are unequally distributed between"

Is it a Noun plus noun modifier? IS courts a "public resource" that the preceding clause mentions?

Please respond.
Yes, exactly! The "courts" are indeed the "public resource," and the "which" clause modifies "courts" -- we know it modifies a plural noun because the verb ("are") is plural.



Thanks a lot GMATNinja you are doing a great job helping out everyone here. Appreciate your contribution. Moreover, I have one more question please GMATNinja

This is for my over all prep- I have a OG2018 old book passed on to me by a senior. Do you think buying a OG2021 will be helpful? Aleast considering that I will have access to Online question bank that will help me simulate the practice? Please do not ignore and respond. Kind regards, mk96
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mk96
Thanks a lot GMATNinja you are doing a great job helping out everyone here. Appreciate your contribution. Moreover, I have one more question please GMATNinja

This is for my over all prep- I have a OG2018 old book passed on to me by a senior. Do you think buying a OG2021 will be helpful? Aleast considering that I will have access to Online question bank that will help me simulate the practice? Please do not ignore and respond. Kind regards, mk96
Great question! The Official Guide books tend to replace about 15% of questions between editions, which means that a bit more than half of the questions in the 2021 edition will be the same questions that you've already worked through in the 2018 edition. The new questions will be helpful, but doing so many redos can definitely skew your results on homework sets and simulated practice tests.

Some alternate ideas:

  • The questions in the skinnier GMAT Official Guide Verbal and Quant Review books are completely different than the questions in the fatter Official Guide books. You could try out the 2021 versions of those books.
  • You can get a copy of the 12th Edition Official Guide. This won't have the online question bank, but will have less overlap with the 2018 edition.

I hope that helps!
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KocharRohit
Judge Lois Forer’s study asks why do some litigants have a preferred status over others in the use of a public resource, the courts, which in theory are available to all but in fact are unequally distributed among rich and poor.


(A) do some litigants have a preferred status over others in the use of a public resource, the courts, which in theory are available to all but in fact are unequally distributed among

(B) some litigants have a preferred status over others in the use of a public resource, the courts, which in theory are available to all but in fact are unequally distributed between

(C) do some litigants have a preferred status over another in the use of a public resource, the courts, in theory available to all but in fact are unequally distributed among

(D) some litigants have a preferred status to another in the use of a public resource, the courts, in theory available to all but in fact not equally distributed between

(E) does one litigant have a preferred status over the other in the use of a public resource, the courts, in theory available to all but in fact they are not equally distributed among


In theory, courts are available to all. So, the subject of the verb "are" is courts. The correct answer is B.
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Hi experts,

Is it a hard rule to not have a comparison between plural and singular nouns (e.g., "...some litigants have a preferred status to another...")? Or is it just logical, within this problem, that you cannot have a comparison between plural and singular?
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This easiest way to look at this is ending words 'among rich and poor'. It should be 'between rich and poor'. We use between when we are referring to distinction of two things and use 'among' for multiple things. This eliminates options A, C and E.

As for B and D, the original sentence aims to compare 'status' of some litigants with others.

So we choose option D. 'some litigants have a preferred status *to* others'
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DmitryFarber GMATNinja AjiteshArun

Quote:
(B) some litigants have a preferred status over others in the use of a public resource, the courts, which in theory are available to all but in fact are unequally distributed between

In the correct answer choice, why does 'use of a public resource' not mean that public resource is singular ?

And why does in other OG question, 'a' signals singular usage:

Quote:
Though tiny, blind, and translucent, a recently discovered species of catfish has thickened bones and armor plates on its sides that lessen its vulnerability.
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KocharRohit
Judge Lois Forer’s study asks why do some litigants have a preferred status over others in the use of a public resource, the courts, which in theory are available to all but in fact are unequally distributed among rich and poor.


(A) do some litigants have a preferred status over others in the use of a public resource, the courts, which in theory are available to all but in fact are unequally distributed among

(B) some litigants have a preferred status over others in the use of a public resource, the courts, which in theory are available to all but in fact are unequally distributed between

(C) do some litigants have a preferred status over another in the use of a public resource, the courts, in theory available to all but in fact are unequally distributed among

(D) some litigants have a preferred status to another in the use of a public resource, the courts, in theory available to all but in fact not equally distributed between

(E) does one litigant have a preferred status over the other in the use of a public resource, the courts, in theory available to all but in fact they are not equally distributed among


SC48461.01


This is a very nice example where we can eliminate answer choices just by using simple grammar. In options A, C & D it uses among to convey an idea. We use among when there are more than 2 entities. In this case between is correct. So, we are left with options B & D.

Now, in option D
some litigants have a preferred status to another in the use of a public resource, the courts, in theory available to all but in fact not equally distributed between

This is clearly incorrect. It should be preferred status over another. This is clearly conveyed in option B.

Hence, (B) is the correct option.

I hope it helps.
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Hi,
Hi please GMATNINJA or E-GMAT can you help me on this? I still have a problem with the difference between B and D.
The word ‘’courts’’ is a non modifier I think. So for me, what the verb ‘’to be’’ modifies is public resource. I thought it should be ‘is’ and not ‘are’. This is why I choose B over D.

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