Dear
Sajjad1994 request you to confirm my below understanding of the passage and the questions:
1st para: Researchers of prebiotic chemical reactions have been testing the theory - early life could have come about through RNA alone
2nd para - Using the example of experiment by Dr. Urey and Miller, the author supports that life could have begun without naturally occurring complex protein enzymes
3rd Para:Using the example of experiment proving the existence of requisite precursors:cytosine and uracil , the author confirms the validity of the RNA theory
Main idea of passage: The RNA theory has been tested by researchers of prebiotic chemical reactions. The author in the last para even provides another example of an experiment by Dr. Miller to establish the validity of "The RNA theory"
Q1. The passage is primarily concerned with
A. explaining how life evolved from complex proteins--
The evolution not explainedB. discussing how a theory on the origins of life has been tested and expanded upon --
Based on my main idea above, this ans seems to be the most relevant choiceC. contemplating the evolution of life from non-complex proteins
--Out of ScopeD. describing how researchers solved the problem of creating life from RNA
-- The passage talks only about validating the RNA Theory E. reexamining an outdated theory on the development of DNA from seawater and lightning
--Out of Scope2. It can be inferred from the passage that RNA molecules
A. are among the most basic structures known to man
B. are more complicated structures than are DNA molecules
C. can form a variety of structures and combinations --
2nd Para - Experiments conducted in 1983 showed that RNA molecules can split themselves and recombine in new arrangementsD. contain methane, ammonia, and water vapor, among other components
E. only function once charged by electrical impulses
3. According to the passage, which of the following is true of the experiment performed by Drs. Urey and Miller in 1953?
A. RNA was fabricated out of simple prebiotic substances.
B. More than one dozen significant amino acids were synthesized.
C. the experiment took several weeks to complete.
--2nd Para- Within weeks the mixture contained the amino acids necessary to build proteins.D. Cytosine and uracil formed in the sealed beaker.
4. Which of the following, if true, would most undermine Miller's argument (Text in Red)?
A. Climatic conditions in the prebiotic world were inhospitable to the formation of life.
B. The polar ice caps in the prebiotic world covered more than one-quarter of the Earth's oceans.
C. Recent research indicates that uracil could not have existed in the prebiotic world. --
The 3rd para mentions that -"He postulates that both substances could have been produced in the prebiotic ocean" This statement can be challenged if any research could prove that uracil/ cytosine could not exist at all in the prebiotic worldD. Atmospheric pressure in the prebiotic world was much lower, leading to a near-absence of rain.
E. Prebiotic RNA from the middle of ancient land masses has been found to contain only small amounts of uracil and cytosine.
5. The author cites the experiment performed by Drs. Urey and Miller (Text in Blue) in order to
A. explain in further detail how they reached their conclusion--
The author introduces the experiment by Drs. Urey and Miller in the highlighted line. The following lines he describes the experiment in detail and later mentions that experiment successfully established that protein could be formed by the elements during the prebiotic worldB. point out the methodological flaws in their research
C. show that methane, ammonia, water vapor, hydrogen and carbon dioxide were present in the prebiotic world
D. challenge the 1953 experiment as technologically inadequate to determine the role of RNA in the formation of life
E. support the thesis of Drs. Miller and Urey with conclusive scientific evidence
E. The experiment was conducted in a flask filled with protein enzymes.
6. The passage suggests which of the following about the prebiotic chemical reactions that brought about life?
A. Although the reactions can be recreated in the laboratory, scientists cannot understand how they occurred in nature.
B. there is little direct evidence to prove scientists’ theories about such reactions.
-- Though the passage mentions the experiments conducted by scientists, it doesn't highlight evidence to prove scientists’ theories.4th Para- The RNA theory was then generally accepted by most biologists, but the question remained:-- This provides evidence that there were few biologists who weren't satisfied with such experiments as wellC. While RNA plays a part in prebiotic chemical reactions, DNA is critical to the form ation of life.
D. The presence of cytosine and uracil in the prebiotic ocean precluded the development of life.
E. Complex eco systems such as oceans and polar ice caps, are required for prebiotic chemical reactions to occur.
7. With which of the following statements about the origin of life would the author most likely agree?
A. Life in the prebiotic world must have derived from a combination of DNA and RNA.
B. without a greater understanding of the systems active in the prebiotic world, we cannot achieve a greater understanding of the origins of life
.-- 1st para: Researchers of prebiotic chemical reactions have been testing the theory that early life could have come about through RNA aloneC. Due to a paucity of data, the origins of life are poorly understood and difficult to explore.
D. While RNA is an important factor in enzyme production, it played a minor role in the creation of life.
E. Biologists play an important role in the study of prebiotic chemical reactions which formed the basis of human life.
03 Feb 2021, 23:30
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