Child development specialists believe that, in confining babies much of the time to strollers, high chairs, playpens, and walkers, muscle development can be inhibited.


(A) that, in confining babies much of the time to strollers, high chairs, playpens, and walkers, muscle development can be inhibited

(B) that, in their confinement much of the time to strollers, high chairs, playpens, and walkers, muscle development can be inhibited in babies

(C) that confining babies much of the time to strollers, high chairs, playpens, and walkers can inhibit muscle development

(D) that babies, if confined much of the time to strollers, high chairs, playpens, and walkers can inhibit muscle development

(E) that strollers, high chairs, playpens, and walkers can, if babies are confined to the much of the time, result in muscle development being inhibited





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Child development specialists believe that, in confining babies much of the time to strollers, high chairs, playpens, and walkers, muscle development can be inhibited.

(A) that, in confining babies much of the time to strollers, high chairs, playpens, and walkers, muscle development can be inhibited (Red portion do not show where muscle development can be inhibited)
(B) that, in their confinement much of the time to strollers, high chairs, playpens, and walkers, muscle development can be inhibited in babies (Usage of their is ambiguous also usage of passive should be avoided)
(C) that confining babies much of the time to strollers,high chairs, playpens, and walkers can inhibit muscle development (Babies can inhibit muscle development not confining babies)
(D) that babies, if confined much of the time to strollers, high chairs, playpens, and walkers can inhibit muscle development (Correct)
(E) that strollers, high chairs, playpens, and walkers can, if babies are confined to the much of the time, result in muscle development being inhibited (Babies can inhibit muscle development not strollers and high chairs)

Kudos please if you like my explanation!

Can an expert explain the reason why option D is selected over option C?
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Child development specialists believe that, in confining babies much of the time to strollers, high chairs, playpens, and walkers, muscle development can be inhibited.

(A) that, in confining babies much of the time to strollers, high chairs, playpens, and walkers, muscle development can be inhibited
(B) that, in their confinement much of the time to strollers, high chairs, playpens, and walkers, muscle development can be inhibited in babies
(C) that confining babies much of the time to strollers, high chairs, playpens, and walkers can inhibit muscle development
(D) that babies, if confined much of the time to strollers, high chairs, playpens, and walkers can inhibit muscle development
(E) that strollers, high chairs, playpens, and walkers can, if babies are confined to the much of the time, result in muscle development being inhibited

IMO C
option A has wrong preposition In
Option B Again repeats the same error , it also makes the sentence passive which is not desirable.
Option D suggests that babies inhibit muscle development.
Option E suggests that strollers high chairs etc inhibit muscle development but it is confinement to these things that inhibit muscle development.

First, the part "in their confinement much of the time to strollers, high chairs, playpens, and walkers" is not a noun modifier, but a verb modifier. A prepositional phrase may work as a noun modifier or a verb modifier:
1. A bird in hand worth two in bush: "in hand" = noun modifier ( acting as adjective - referring to "bird")
2. I kept the book in the bag: "in the bag" = verb modifier ( acting as adverb - referring to "book")
In option B, "in their confinement..." refers to the verb "can be inhibited". (Similar to the second example above.)

Now, coming to your question:
The part "in their confinement much of the time to strollers, high chairs, playpens, and walkers" is by itself grammatically wrong. The part "much of the time" is an adverbial phrase and hence must refer to a verb / verbal. e.g., They are confined much of the time. However in option B, "much of the time" does not have a verb / verbal to refer to - it erroneously refers to the noun "confinement" - an adverb/adverbial phrase cannot refer to a noun. Hence option B is wrong.

Only options A and B have comma after that. All the options do have a clause after that.
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I think you did the hard work to figure out the 2 closest options i.e option A and option C. Let us look at option A :

Child development specialists believe that, in confining babies much of the time to strollers, high chairs, playpens, and walkers, muscle development can be inhibited

Remove the prepositional modifier between the commas "in confining babies much of the time to strollers, high chairs, playpens, and walkers" and then read the sentence. Specialists believe that muscle development can be inhibited. The sentence does not answer in whom the muscle development can be inhibited.

Thanks !
Please consider pressing kudos if my response helped you in any way !

we can normally have 2 types of errors. illogic meaning and unclear meaning. illogic meaning is more easy to see than unclear meaning.

Hi generis,

I need your help in this Question.

Although the Right option is C but In option C don't you think that we need babie's instead of babies as it is the time of baby which is confined to stroller, chairs......