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Question 1
C
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
45%
(medium)
Question Stats:
57% (02:59) correct
43%
(03:04) wrong
based on 9854
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 2
D
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
55%
(hard)
Question Stats:
56% (01:48) correct 44%
(01:58) wrong
based on 9522
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 3
B
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
25%
(medium)
Question Stats:
70% (01:08) correct 30%
(01:25) wrong
based on 9404
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 4
E
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
85%
(hard)
Question Stats:
34% (01:12) correct 66%
(01:12) wrong
based on 9080
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
When asteroids collide, some collisions cause an asteroid to spin faster; others slow it down. If asteroids are all monoliths—single rocks—undergoing random collisions, a graph of their rotation rates should show a bell-shaped distribution with statistical “tails” of very fast and very slow rotators. If asteroids are rubble piles, however, the tail representing the very fast rotators would be missing, because any loose aggregate spinning faster than once every few hours (depending on the asteroid’s bulk density) would fly apart. Researchers have discovered that all but five observed asteroids obey a strict limit on rate of rotation. The exceptions are all smaller than 200 meters in diameter, with an abrupt cutoff for asteroids larger than that.
The evident conclusion—that asteroids larger than 200 meters across are multicomponent structures or rubble piles—agrees with recent computer modeling of collisions, which also finds a transition at that diameter. A collision can blast a large asteroid to bits, but after the collision those bits will usually move slower than their mutual escape velocity. Over several hours, gravity will reassemble all but the fastest pieces into a rubble pile. Because collisions among asteroids are relatively frequent, most large bodies have already suffered this fate. Conversely, most small asteroids should be monolithic, because impact fragments easily escape their feeble gravity.
The evident conclusion—that asteroids larger than 200 meters across are multicomponent structures or rubble piles—agrees with recent computer modeling of collisions, which also finds a transition at that diameter. A collision can blast a large asteroid to bits, but after the collision those bits will usually move slower than their mutual escape velocity. Over several hours, gravity will reassemble all but the fastest pieces into a rubble pile. Because collisions among asteroids are relatively frequent, most large bodies have already suffered this fate. Conversely, most small asteroids should be monolithic, because impact fragments easily escape their feeble gravity.
(RC00524-02)
1. The passage implies which of the following about the five asteroids mentioned in line 12?
(A) Their rotation rates are approximately the same.
(B) They have undergone approximately the same number of collisions.
(C) They are monoliths.
(D) They are composed of fragments that have escaped the gravity of larger asteroids.
(E) They were detected only recently.
1. The passage implies which of the following about the five asteroids mentioned in line 12?
(A) Their rotation rates are approximately the same.
(B) They have undergone approximately the same number of collisions.
(C) They are monoliths.
(D) They are composed of fragments that have escaped the gravity of larger asteroids.
(E) They were detected only recently.
(RC00524-04)
2. The discovery of which of the following would call into question the conclusion mentioned in line 16 [The evident conclusion—that asteroids larger than 200 meters across are multicomponent structures or rubble piles—agrees with recent computer modeling of collisions, which also finds a transition at that diameter.]?
(A) An asteroid 100 meters in diameter rotating at a rate of once per week
(B) An asteroid 150 meters in diameter rotating at a rate of 20 times per hour
(C) An asteroid 250 meters in diameter rotating at a rate of once per week
(D) An asteroid 500 meters in diameter rotating at a rate of once per hour
(E) An asteroid 1,000 meters in diameter rotating at a rate of once every 24 hours
2. The discovery of which of the following would call into question the conclusion mentioned in line 16 [The evident conclusion—that asteroids larger than 200 meters across are multicomponent structures or rubble piles—agrees with recent computer modeling of collisions, which also finds a transition at that diameter.]?
(A) An asteroid 100 meters in diameter rotating at a rate of once per week
(B) An asteroid 150 meters in diameter rotating at a rate of 20 times per hour
(C) An asteroid 250 meters in diameter rotating at a rate of once per week
(D) An asteroid 500 meters in diameter rotating at a rate of once per hour
(E) An asteroid 1,000 meters in diameter rotating at a rate of once every 24 hours
(RC00524-06)
3. According to the passage, which of the following is a prediction that is based on the strength of the gravitational attraction of small asteroids?
(A) Small asteroids will be few in number.
(B) Small asteroids will be monoliths.
(C) Small asteroids will collide with other asteroids very rarely.
(D) Most small asteroids will have very fast rotation rates.
(E) Almost no small asteroids will have very slow rotation rates.
3. According to the passage, which of the following is a prediction that is based on the strength of the gravitational attraction of small asteroids?
(A) Small asteroids will be few in number.
(B) Small asteroids will be monoliths.
(C) Small asteroids will collide with other asteroids very rarely.
(D) Most small asteroids will have very fast rotation rates.
(E) Almost no small asteroids will have very slow rotation rates.
(RC00524-07)
4. The author of the passage mentions “escape velocity” (see line 22) in order to help explain which of the following?
(A) The tendency for asteroids to become smaller rather than larger over time
(B) The speed with which impact fragments reassemble when they do not escape an asteroid’s gravitational attraction after a collision
(C) The frequency with which collisions among asteroids occur
(D) The rotation rates of asteroids smaller than 200 meters in diameter
(E) The tendency for large asteroids to persist after collisions
4. The author of the passage mentions “escape velocity” (see line 22) in order to help explain which of the following?
(A) The tendency for asteroids to become smaller rather than larger over time
(B) The speed with which impact fragments reassemble when they do not escape an asteroid’s gravitational attraction after a collision
(C) The frequency with which collisions among asteroids occur
(D) The rotation rates of asteroids smaller than 200 meters in diameter
(E) The tendency for large asteroids to persist after collisions
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21 Jul 2017, 19:04
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Quote:
The conclusion mentioned in line 16 is that "asteroids larger than 200 meters across are multicomponent structures or rubble piles." We are also told that rubble piles would fly apart if they spin faster than once every few hours. Any asteroid spinning faster than once every few hours must not be a rubble pile.
Choice (D) is an example of an asteroid larger than 200 meters that DOES spin faster than once every few hours. That asteroid must not be a rubble pile, going against the conclusion in line 16.
Quote:
If the bits moved FASTER than their mutual escape velocity, then the bits would "escape" from each other and the large asteroid would remain blown to bits. However, if the bits move SLOWER than their mutual escape velocity, the bits will not escape from each other and, instead, will reassemble due to gravity. Thus, after being blown to bits, most of the bits of the large asteroid will reassemble, explaining the tendency for large asteroids to persist after collisions. (E) is the correct choice.
12 Jul 2017, 11:39
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C,D,B,E...Time-9 mins
The passage implies which of the following about the five asteroids mentioned in line 12?
A. Their rotation rates are approximately the same.
B. They have undergone approximately the same number of collisions.
C. They are monoliths.
D. They are composed of fragments that have escaped the gravity of larger asteroids.
E. They were detected only recently.
"five observed asteroids obey a strict limit on
rate of rotation. The exceptions are all smaller than
200 meters in diameter"
"Conversely, most
small asteroids should be monolithic"
The discovery of which of the following would call into question the conclusion mentioned in line 16?
A. An asteroid 100 meters in diameter rotating at a rate of once per week
B. An asteroid 150 meters in diameter rotating at a rate of 20 times per hour
C. An asteroid 250 meters in diameter rotating at a rate of once per week
D. An asteroid 500 meters in diameter rotating at a rate of once per hour
E. An asteroid 1,000 meters in diameter rotating at a rate of once every 24 hours
"If asteroids
are rubble piles, however, the tail representing the
very fast rotators would be missing, because any
loose aggregate spinning faster than once every few
hours (depending on the asteroid’s bulk density)
would fly apart."-This means Ruble piles, which are the big ones are slow; Monolithic's, the small ones are fast. The definition of fast being-Spinning faster than once every few hours.
So the conclusion is---Asteroids>200m would spin slowly..
Option D says just the opposite.
According to the passage, which of the following is a prediction that is based on the strength of the gravitational attraction of small asteroids?
A. Small asteroids will be few in number.
B. Small asteroids will be monoliths.
C. Small asteroids will collide with other asteroids very rarely.
D. Most small asteroids will have very fast rotation rates.
E. Almost no small asteroids will have very slow rotation rates.
"Conversely, most
small asteroids should be monolithic"
The author of the passage mentions “escape velocity” (see line 22) in order to help explain which of the following?
A. The tendency for asteroids to become smaller rather than larger over time
B. The speed with which impact fragments reassemble when they do not escape an asteroid’s gravitational attraction after a collision
C. The frequency with which collisions among asteroids occur
D. The rotation rates of asteroids smaller than 200 meters in diameter
E. The tendency for large asteroids to persist after collisions
"A collision can blast a large asteroid to bits,
but after the collision those bits will usually move
slower than their mutual escape velocity. Over several
hours, gravity will reassemble all but the fastest
pieces into a rubble pile."
The passage implies which of the following about the five asteroids mentioned in line 12?
A. Their rotation rates are approximately the same.
B. They have undergone approximately the same number of collisions.
C. They are monoliths.
D. They are composed of fragments that have escaped the gravity of larger asteroids.
E. They were detected only recently.
"five observed asteroids obey a strict limit on
rate of rotation. The exceptions are all smaller than
200 meters in diameter"
"Conversely, most
small asteroids should be monolithic"
The discovery of which of the following would call into question the conclusion mentioned in line 16?
A. An asteroid 100 meters in diameter rotating at a rate of once per week
B. An asteroid 150 meters in diameter rotating at a rate of 20 times per hour
C. An asteroid 250 meters in diameter rotating at a rate of once per week
D. An asteroid 500 meters in diameter rotating at a rate of once per hour
E. An asteroid 1,000 meters in diameter rotating at a rate of once every 24 hours
"If asteroids
are rubble piles, however, the tail representing the
very fast rotators would be missing, because any
loose aggregate spinning faster than once every few
hours (depending on the asteroid’s bulk density)
would fly apart."-This means Ruble piles, which are the big ones are slow; Monolithic's, the small ones are fast. The definition of fast being-Spinning faster than once every few hours.
So the conclusion is---Asteroids>200m would spin slowly..
Option D says just the opposite.
According to the passage, which of the following is a prediction that is based on the strength of the gravitational attraction of small asteroids?
A. Small asteroids will be few in number.
B. Small asteroids will be monoliths.
C. Small asteroids will collide with other asteroids very rarely.
D. Most small asteroids will have very fast rotation rates.
E. Almost no small asteroids will have very slow rotation rates.
"Conversely, most
small asteroids should be monolithic"
The author of the passage mentions “escape velocity” (see line 22) in order to help explain which of the following?
A. The tendency for asteroids to become smaller rather than larger over time
B. The speed with which impact fragments reassemble when they do not escape an asteroid’s gravitational attraction after a collision
C. The frequency with which collisions among asteroids occur
D. The rotation rates of asteroids smaller than 200 meters in diameter
E. The tendency for large asteroids to persist after collisions
"A collision can blast a large asteroid to bits,
but after the collision those bits will usually move
slower than their mutual escape velocity. Over several
hours, gravity will reassemble all but the fastest
pieces into a rubble pile."
15 Dec 2021, 08:35
Kudos
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Passage breakdown
In the first paragraph (P1), the author introduces a hypothesis and provides supporting evidence:
- Background: the rotation rates of asteroids depend on whether those asteroids are monoliths or loose rubble piles.
- Hypothesis: monoliths should show a bell-shaped distribution with some fast rotators, while rubble piles should not have any fast rotators
- Supporting evidence: large asteroids are all slower, whereas a few small asteroids are faster.
In the second paragraph, the author draws a conclusion from the info in P1, then supports this conclusion:
- Conclusion: large asteroids are rubble piles.
- Support for this conclusion: computer modeling data.
- Addition to conclusion: small asteroids are monoliths.
For more on the process of breaking down RC passages, check out this article and our live RC videos.
Explanations for individual questions
