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705-805 Level|   Humanities|   Short Passage|                     
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willacethis
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Antonia Castañeda has utilized scholarship from women’s studies and Me 05 May 2020, 19:32
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Dear experts

Can someone explain why the answer of question 4 is C?

Thanks!
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Antonia Castañeda has utilized scholarship from women’s studies and Me 09 May 2020, 10:15
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GMATNinja could explain how the answer for the 4th question(primary purpose) is "describe historical origin of literary stereotype"?
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Antonia Castañeda has utilized scholarship from women’s studies and Me 09 May 2020, 20:36
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Quote:
4. The primary purpose of the passage is to

C. describe the historical origins of a literary stereotype
D. discuss ways in which minority writers have sought to critique a dominant culture through their writing
Show more

HI GMATNinja, generis, jennpt, VeritasPrepErika, GMATRockstar, TestPrepUnlimited ,MentorTutoring

I was down with two options. What makes option C correct?
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Antonia Castañeda has utilized scholarship from women’s studies and Me 10 May 2020, 20:02
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Thank You MentorTutoring (Andrew) for your wonderful explanation :-)
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Antonia Castañeda has utilized scholarship from women’s studies and Me 11 May 2020, 00:06
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GMATNinja sir I am from Asia, and I have not been able to understand Hispanic non Hispanic and so many other things mentioned in passage.

How can we are expected to solve this passage?

Request your inputs to Improve accuracy.

Others can also guide

Thanks in advance .

Posted from my mobile device
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Could someone post explanation for the questions ? Thanks

Q2: Which of the following could best serve as an example of the kind of fictional plot discussed by Antonia Castañeda?
A. A land speculator of English ancestry weds the daughter of a Mexican vineyard owner after the speculator has migrated to California to seek his fortune.
B. A Californian woman of Hispanic ancestry finds that her agricultural livelihood is threatened when her husband is forced to seek work in a textile mill.
C. A Mexican rancher who loses his land as a result of the Mexican-American War migrates to the northern United States and marries an immigrant schoolteacher.
D. A wealthy Californiana whose father has bequeathed her all his property contends with avaricious relatives for her inheritance.
E. A poor married couple emigrate from French Canada and gradually become wealthy as merchants in territorial California.

s.
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Hi sir, i have a question, How do you know the fictional plot discussed is referring to paragraph 2?
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Antonia Castañeda has utilized scholarship from women’s studies and Me 18 Jun 2020, 12:26
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Can anyone please explain Question 4?

4. The primary purpose of the passage is to

A. trace historical influences on the depiction of Mexican Americans in the nineteenth century
B. explain how research in history has been affected by scholarship in women's studies
C. describe the historical origins of a literary stereotype
D. discuss ways in which minority writers have sought to critique a dominant culture through their writing
E. evaluate both sides in a scholarly debate about a prominent literary stereotype
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Antonia Castañeda has utilized scholarship from women’s studies and Me 18 Jun 2020, 13:46
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Nitikamehta1993
Can anyone please explain Question 4?

4. The primary purpose of the passage is to

A. trace historical influences on the depiction of Mexican Americans in the nineteenth century
B. explain how research in history has been affected by scholarship in women's studies
C. describe the historical origins of a literary stereotype
D. discuss ways in which minority writers have sought to critique a dominant culture through their writing
E. evaluate both sides in a scholarly debate about a prominent literary stereotype
Show more
Hello, Nitikamehta1993. I have posted a full analysis of question 4 above, here. Please let me know if you still have questions about, well, the question once you have read that post. I would be happy to help out.

- Andrew
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Antonia Castañeda has utilized scholarship from women’s studies and Me 20 Jun 2020, 06:00
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Hello experts. GMATNinja

In the posts above, I am not really convinced about the elimination between A and C.

The passage is all about Mexican American which is right at the beginning of the passage. And it does trace the history. However the answer with about literary stereotype to discuss historical origins, i think the scope is too narrow. When i think about it,it does not quite click that the passage is all about only Literary stereotype. The fact that " Its about Mexican woman or Literary stereotype " both has equal weightage. However i am more inclined towards the answer choice A. And why is this question removed from the OG next editions. May be the answer choice A and C are debatable in someways.

Any views?
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VeritasKarishma GMATNinja
please explain last question specially options A & C
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Antonia Castañeda has utilized scholarship from women’s studies and Me 29 Jun 2020, 00:57
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VeritasKarishma GMATNinja
please explain last question specially options A & C
Show more

Note what the passage is all about. I have removed a lot of extra info:

Antonia Castañeda has... examined 19th century literary portrayals of Mexican women... Male novelists of the period ... define women solely in their domestic roles of wife and mother. During the same period that saw non-Hispanic women being economically displaced by industrialization, Hispanic law in territorial California protected the economic position of "Californianas" (the Mexican women of the territory) by ensuring them property rights and inheritance rights equal to those of males.

Novels' favour these Californiana women which is noteworthy, since Mexican-American historians have concluded that unflattering literary depictions of Mexicans were vital in ... The importance of economic alliances forged through marriages with Californianas explains this apparent contradiction. Because of their real-life economic significance, the Californianas were portrayed more favourably than were others of the same nationality.

First para explains how in 19th century a Hispanic law protected economic position of Hispanic women in California (called "Californianas") while non-Hispanic women lost economic privileges. Second paragraph tells us that this is why novels favour these "Californianas" though they usually did not favour other Mexicans. Important economic alliances were forged by marriage to these "Californianas"


A. trace historical influences on the depiction of Mexican Americans in the nineteenth century

No. The passage does not deal with how all Mexican Americans were depicted and neither does it trace multiple influences. It only explains why "Californianas" were treated favourably in novels while others were not. The passage deals with "Californianas" only.

C. describe the historical origins of a literary stereotype

Correct. It describes why novels favour "Californianas" - a literary stereotype
This is much more precise.

Answer (C)
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Can someone please confirm if the Californians, Mexican and Hispanic women - all means the same thing ?

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nikitamaheshwari
Can someone please confirm if the Californians, Mexican and Hispanic women - all means the same thing ?

GMATNinja
Show more

Hi nikitamaheshwari,

Not sure what do you mean by the same thing, but I think the below lines might help.

"Hispanic law in territorial California protected the economic position of "Californianas" (the Mexican women of the territory) by ensuring them property rights and inheritance rights equal to those of males."


Let me know if you still have doubts.

Thanks.
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Antonia Castañeda has utilized scholarship from women’s studies and Me 18 Sep 2020, 08:38
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shabuzen102
Dear GMATNinja,

To be honest, this is one of the more challenging RC that I've done because there are so many plot twists/subtleties in the paragraph that require me to re-read to finally grasp them. I still have a few things I'd like to clear up that I could not find anywhere on Google:

1. What does the author mean by "economically displaced by industrialization"? Does that mean these women's wealth are being diminished because of industrialization? i.e. Usually these women would be selling milk or some agricultural products but because of industrialization, customers don't buy from them anymore and buy from big corps, making these women poor?

2. Economic position - what does it mean? Does it mean the level of wealth/ how much money these women have?

3. This sentence "Castañeda finds that during the same period that saw non-Hispanic women being economically displaced by industrialization, Hispanic law in territorial California protected the economic position of "Californianas" (the Mexican women of the territory) by ensuring them property rights and inheritance rights equal to those of males." basically means that these Hispanic law-maker, seeing how non-Hispanic women are getting so poor because of this industrialization trend, decided to have an upper hand and quickly wrote laws to protect their Hispanic women before industrialization finally caught up with them? Is that correct?

4. This apparent contradiction (that people have talked so much about in this thread) "The importance of economic alliances forged through marriages with Californianas explains this apparent contradiction ." basically means: Hispanic women were described favorably not because the U.S. don't care about supporting their troops during the war anymore - they STILL support the war. They're only being nice to these women for their economic gains since such "economic alliances forged through marriages" is important to them? (that's not very nice in my opinion but whatever). Did I interpret it correctly?

Thank you!
This is a tough passage! Thinking about RC strategy as a whole, the most important things are to avoid getting bogged down in the details and to focus on the structure of the passage. What does the author really want you to get out of a particular paragraph? And how does that paragraph fit in with the rest of the passage?

As an example, here is one way to think about paragraph #1 (which should shed some light on your points #1, 2, and 3):

  • The author introduces the subject studied by Casteneda: "nineteenth-century literary portrayals of Mexican women"
  • Some scholars make an observation about male novelists in the US as a whole: they "define women solely in their domestic roles of wife and mother."
  • These scholars provide a reason for the observation above: "women's traditional economic role in home-based agriculture was threatened by the transition to a factory-based industrial economy"
  • Casteneda notes a difference between Californianas and non-hispanic women: "California protected the economic position of "Californianas" by ensuring them property rights and inheritance rights equal to those of males."


Overall, the purpose of this paragraph is to introduce Casteneda's area of research (literary portrayals of Mexican women), and explain one of Casteneda's findings (the difference in economic status between Californianas and other American women).

If you're struggling to understand one particular piece of the passage (for example, the stuff about economic status), try to piece together the WHY author included that information. In this case, the author talks about economic status in order to explain how women are portrayed in literature -- male novelists only wrote about women in a wife or mother role because their economic role was threatened by the transition to industrialization. BUT, the economic role of Californianas was more protected than the economic role of other women! How does this impact the literary portrayal of Mexican women? You'll find the answer in the next paragraph.

By focusing on structure and purpose, you can pick apart a difficult passage and hone in on what the author really cares about.

I hope that helps!
Show more
Hello GMATNinja,
I didn't understand if the women were transitioned to factory based role then why does the passage say that their traditional agriculture based role was threatened? Isn't that transition supposed to be good for women?
Also I didnt clearly understand why would male novelists write about women in wife or mother role if women's economic role was threatened by transition to industrialization?
Lastly, I didn't understand how does economic alliances forged through marriages explain apparent contradiction. Could you please explain the same?

Other experts can also reply VeritasKarishma egmat
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Antonia Castañeda has utilized scholarship from women’s studies and Me 06 Nov 2020, 17:02
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SDW2

Hello GMATNinja,
I didn't understand if the women were transitioned to factory based role then why does the passage say that their traditional agriculture based role was threatened? Isn't that transition supposed to be good for women?
Also I didnt clearly understand why would male novelists write about women in wife or mother role if women's economic role was threatened by transition to industrialization?
Lastly, I didn't understand how does economic alliances forged through marriages explain apparent contradiction. Could you please explain the same?

Other experts can also reply VeritasKarishma egmat
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The passage does not say that women transitioned from a home-based agricultural role to a factory-based industrial role. Rather, it says the economy’s transition to a factory-based industrial economy threatened the traditional economic role of women in home-based agriculture. Even if this transition ultimately benefited women (which is not indicated in the passage), the economic transition still threatened their traditional role.

Although the passage does not explain why male novelists wrote about women exclusively in their domestic roles, the last sentence of the passage indicates that they often wrote about women in those roles favorably because of their real-life economic significance.

Finally, the apparent contradiction is that elite Californianas were depicted favorably, but other Mexican individuals received unflattering depictions. The fact that Californianas held economic significance explains why they would be portrayed favorably, whereas other Mexicans without such economic significance were portrayed unflatteringly.

I hope that helps!
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willacethis
Dear experts

Can someone explain why the answer of question 4 is C?

Thanks!
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Hi willacethis,

Let's use POE to determine the solution to Ques 4:

4. The primary purpose of the passage is to

A. trace historical influences on the depiction of Mexican Americans in the nineteenth century
B. explain how research in history has been affected by scholarship in women's studies
C. describe the historical origins of a literary stereotype
D. discuss ways in which minority writers have sought to critique a dominant culture through their writing
E. evaluate both sides in a scholarly debate about a prominent literary stereotype

(A) Yes, we want to trace historical influences in the nineteenth century but not about Mexican Americans in general - In the opening line itself the author narrows down to Mexican American Women. Had this option mentioned Mexican American Women, this would've been the correct answer. - OUT

(B) This is not the main point. First, this option doesn't even mention Mexican American women (just talks about women in general - not the focus of the passage). Second, the author is not concerned with how scholarship in women's studies has affected research in history - OUT

(C) Correct - The author is trying to 'describe' (doesn't give her opinions) origins from a histroical perspective of a stereotype! What is that stereotype? Non -hispanic men wanted to marry Hispanic women for economic benefits. The first paragraph lays the foundation to discuss this stereotype and the second paragraph is all about the stereotype. - CORRECT

(D) the only kind of writers/novelists talked about in the passage are male, non-Hispanic novelists. Are they minority? We don't know! Most likely NOT. Are they critiquing a majority culture? NO - OUT

(E) Yes, there is a literary stereotype discussed in the passage. However, what are the two sides of the debate? When does the author evaluate it? She doesnt't give her opinion, so she cannot possibly evaluate them. - OUT
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The primary purpose of the passage is to

A. trace historical influences on the depiction of Mexican Americans in the nineteenth century The historical influences responsible for the depiction of Mexican Americans in the nineteenth century have not been traced. The passage refers to the fact that “unflattering literary depictions of Mexicans were vital in rallying the United States public's support for the Mexican-American War.” So, it was the depictions that led to the historical influence.


B. explain how research in history has been affected by scholarship in women's studies. Research in history has not been affected by scholarship in women's studies. Antonia Castañeda has only used the scholarship from women's studies to examine nineteenth-century literary portrayals of Mexican women.

C. describe the historical origins of a literary stereotype. Correct. The author talks of a literary stereotype in the second paragraph. The first paragraph has been used to trace the origins of this stereotype.

D. discuss ways in which minority writers have sought to critique a dominant culture through their writing. The passage refers to “non-Hispanic novelists”. There’s no evidence to prove that these writers can be categorized as “minority writers”.

E. evaluate both sides in a scholarly debate about a prominent literary stereotype. Different portrayals have been mentioned, but no scholarly debate has been referred to.
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Quote:
GMATNinja sir I am from Asia, and I have not been able to understand Hispanic non Hispanic and so many other things mentioned in passage.
Show more

I also thought about this. The passage gets easier to understand if you know the concepts of "Hispanic", "non-Hispanic" etc. If you do not know these concepts, then you have to spend more time to grasp what is going on.
However, similarly, if you know astrology more than an average person, you would understand the start/galaxy/space bla-bla passages more easily than others.
It is bit luck what kind of passages you get.

Quote:
Can someone please confirm if the Californians, Mexican and Hispanic women - all means the same thing ?
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For me, they are all same.
Hispanic is a more general concept. You can think this way:
A Mexican or someone in a Latin American country (e.g. Puerto Rican) is HISPANIC. (therefore Mexican = Hispanic)
Californianas = Mexican women living in California. (therefore Californianas = Hispanic as well)
Long story short,
Hispanic --> Mexican --> Californianas (Mexican women living in California)
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Antonia Castañeda has utilized scholarship from women’s studies and Me 22 Nov 2020, 11:11
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GMATNinja

In Q2, how do we know that "fictional plot" is referring to the "stereotypical Californiana" stuff described in the second paragraph, and not referring to the plot in the first paragraph about male novelists who defined women solely in their domestic roles and the women's traditional role in home-based agriculture was threatened? Castaneda seems to discuss both of these plots (since in the first paragraph she "notes"), right? What am I missing? I ended up picking option B because it felt more in line with the plot from the first paragraph.
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Antonia Castañeda has utilized scholarship from women’s studies and Me 27 Nov 2020, 07:29
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Quote:

4. The primary purpose of the passage is to[/b]

A. trace historical influences on the depiction of Mexican Americans in the nineteenth century
B. explain how research in history has been affected by scholarship in women's studies
C. describe the historical origins of a literary stereotype
D. discuss ways in which minority writers have sought to critique a dominant culture through their writing
E. evaluate both sides in a scholarly debate about a prominent literary stereotype

Show more

GMATNinja Can you please explain why the answer is choice C and not E?
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