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Sub 505 Level|   Long Passage|   Science|               
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New Project RC Butler 2019 - Practice 2 RC Passages Everyday
Passage # 174, Date : 28-APR-2019
This post is a part of New Project RC Butler 2019. Click here for Details

For most species of animals, the number of individuals in the species is inversely proportional to the average body size for members of the species: the smaller the body size, the larger the number of individual animals. The tamarin, a small South American monkey, breaks this rule. Of the ten primate species studied in Peru's Manu National Park, for example, the two species of tamarins, saddle-backed and emperor, are the eighth and ninth least abundant, respectively. Only the pygmy marmoset, which is even smaller, is less abundant. The tamarin's scarcity is not easily explained; it cannot be dismissed as a consequence of diet, because tamarins feed on the same mixture of fruit, nectar, and small prey as do several of their more numerous larger counterparts, including the two capuchins known as the squirrel monkey and the night monkey. Although the relative proportions of fruits consumed varies somewhat among species, it is hard to imagine that such subtle differences are crucial to understanding the relative rarity of tamarins.

To emphasize just how anomalously rare tamarins are, we can compare them to the other omnivorous primates in the community. In terms of numbers of individuals per square kilometer, they rank well below the two capuchins, the squirrel monkey and the night monkey. And in terms of biomass, or the total weight of the individuals that occupy a unit area of habitat, each tamarin species is present at only one-twentieth the mass of brown capuchins or one-tenth that of squirrel monkeys. To gain another perspective, consider the spatial requirements of tamarins. Tamarins are rigidly territorial, vigorously expelling any intruders that may stray within the sharply defined boundaries of their domains. Groups invest an appreciable part of their time and energy in patrolling their territorial boundaries, announcing their presence to their neighbors with shrill, sweeping cries. Such concerted territoriality is rather exceptional among primates, though the gibbons and siamangs of Asia show it, as do a few other New World species such as the titi and night monkeys. What is most surprising about tamarin territories is their size. Titi monkeys routinely live within territories of 6 to 8 hectares, and night monkeys seldom defend more than 10 hectares, but tamarin groups routinely occupy areas of 30 to 120 hectares. Contrast this with the 1 to 2 hectares needed by the common North American gray squirrel, a nonterritorial mammal of about the same size. A group of tamarins uses about as much space as a troop of brown capuchins, though the latter weighs 15 times as much. Thus, in addition to being rare, tamarins require an amount of space that seems completely out of proportion to their size.
RC22661-01.01
The author indicates that tamarin territories are

A. surprisingly large
B. poorly situated
C. unusually abundant in food resources
D. incapable of supporting large troops of tamarins
E. larger in Peru than in other parts of South America


RC22661-02.01
The author mentions the spatial requirements of the gray squirrel in order to

A. explain why they are so common
B. demonstrate the consequences of their nonterritoriality
C. emphasize the unusual territorial requirements of the tamarin
D. provide an example of a major difference between squirrels and monkeys
E. provide an example of an animal with requirements similar to those of the tamarin


RC22661-03.01
The author regards the differences between the diets of the tamarins and several larger species as

A. generally explicable in terms of territory size
B. apparently too small to explain the rarity of tamarins
C. wholly predictable on the basis of differences in body size
D. a result of the rigid territoriality of tamarins
E. a significant factor in determining behavioral differences


RC22661-04.01
Which of the following would most probably be regarded by the author as anomalous?

A. A large primate species that eats mostly plants
B. A species of small mammals that is fiercely territorial
C. Two species of small primates that share the same territories
D. A species of small birds that is more abundant than many species of larger birds
E. A species of small rodents that requires more living space per individual than most species of larger rodents


RC22661-05.01
The author most probably regards the tamarins studied in Manu National Park as

A. an endangered species
B. typical tamarins
C. unusually docile
D. the most unusual primates anywhere
E. too small a sample to be significant


RC22661-06.01
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a species whose groups display territoriality?

A. Gibbons
B. Siamangs
C. Titi monkeys
D. Squirrel monkeys
E. Night monkeys


RC22661-07.01

The primary concern of the passage is to

A. recommend a policy
B. evaluate a theory
C. describe an unusual condition
D. explain the development of a hypothesis
E. support one of several competing hypotheses



The author indicates that tamarin territories are

A. surprisingly large => "in addition to being rare, tamarins require an amount of space that seems completely out of proportion to their size."
B. poorly situated
C. unusually abundant in food resources
D. incapable of supporting large troops of tamarins
E. larger in Peru than in other parts of South America

The author mentions the spatial requirements of the gray squirrel in order to

A. explain why they are so common
B. demonstrate the consequences of their nonterritoriality
C. emphasize the unusual territorial requirements of the tamarin => To emphasize just how anomalously rare tamarins are, we can compare them to the other omnivorous primates in the community. In terms of numbers of individuals per square kilometer, they rank well below the two capuchins, the squirrel monkey and the night monkey. And in terms of biomass, or the total weight of the individuals that occupy a unit area of habitat, each tamarin species is present at only one-twentieth the mass of brown capuchins or one-tenth that of squirrel monkeys. To gain another perspective, consider the spatial requirements of tamarins.
D. provide an example of a major difference between squirrels and monkeys
E. provide an example of an animal with requirements similar to those of the tamarin

The author regards the differences between the diets of the tamarins and several larger species as

A. generally explicable in terms of territory size
B. apparently too small to explain the rarity of tamarins => Although the relative proportions of fruits consumed varies somewhat among species, it is hard to imagine that such subtle differences are crucial to understanding the relative rarity of tamarins.
C. wholly predictable on the basis of differences in body size
D. a result of the rigid territoriality of tamarins
E. a significant factor in determining behavioral differences

Which of the following would most probably be regarded by the author as anomalous?

A. A large primate species that eats mostly plants
B. A species of small mammals that is fiercely territorial
C. Two species of small primates that share the same territories
D. A species of small birds that is more abundant than many species of larger birds
E. A species of small rodents that requires more living space per individual than most species of larger rodents => in addition to being rare, tamarins require an amount of space that seems completely out of proportion to their size.

The author most probably regards the tamarins studied in Manu National Park as

A. an endangered species
B. typical tamarins => Of the ten primate species studied in Peru's Manu National Park, for example, the two species of tamarins, saddle-backed and emperor, are the eighth and ninth least abundant, respectively.
C. unusually docile
D. the most unusual primates anywhere
E. too small a sample to be significant

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a species whose groups display territoriality?

A. Gibbons
B. Siamangs
C. Titi monkeys
D. Squirrel monkeys
E. Night monkeys
Such concerted territoriality is rather exceptional among primates, though the gibbons and siamangs of Asia show it, as do a few other New World species such as the titi and night monkeys. What is most surprising about tamarin territories is their size. Titi monkeys routinely live within territories of 6 to 8 hectares, and night monkeys seldom defend more than 10 hectares, but tamarin groups routinely occupy areas of 30 to 120 hectares. Contrast this with the 1 to 2 hectares needed by the common North American gray squirrel, a nonterritorial mammal of about the same size.

The primary concern of the passage is to

A. recommend a policy
B. evaluate a theory
C. describe an unusual condition => Describe "how anomalously rare tamarins are.."
D. explain the development of a hypothesis
E. support one of several competing hypotheses
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Could someone please explain Q5? I was able to get down to B and E relatively quickly but ended up chosing E instead. How can we infer that tamarins are "typical"?
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JS1290
Could someone please explain Q5? I was able to get down to B and E relatively quickly but ended up chosing E instead. How can we infer that tamarins are "typical"?

RC22661-05.01
The author most probably regards the tamarins studied in Manu National Park as

A. an endangered species
B. typical tamarins ...1) The tamarin, a small South American monkey, breaks this rule 2) The tamarin's scarcity is not easily explained
C. unusually docile
D. the most unusual primates anywhere
E. too small a sample to be significant...Ofcourse the sample group is small (Of the ten primate species studied in Peru's Manu National Park) but Author never mentioned it 'too small to be significant'
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total time-11mins

4/6 correct.

Q4, Q5 incorrect.

P1: tamrins shows usually low number
diet cannot be cause
p2:rareity-> m/km^2
1) below SM and NM
2) bioass 1/12=t/bc or t/sm

p3: they are small but take lot of space
compared to squirellls(1-2) , capuchin (15 times weight of t) , titi (6-8) and NM(10)
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8mins 30 seconds
All correct.

Classic passage that teaches you not to get too engrossed in minor details. You can always refer back to the passage for deeper understanding.

Tag me if you need explanation to any question.

Posted from my mobile device
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Vinit800HBS
8mins 30 seconds
All correct.

Classic passage that teaches you not to get too engrossed in minor details. You can always refer back to the passage for deeper understanding.

Tag me if you need explanation to any question.

Posted from my mobile device



Why option A is wrong in question 4. Also I didn't understand the option B ' typical'. please clarify.
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Vinit800HBS
8mins 30 seconds
All correct.

Classic passage that teaches you not to get too engrossed in minor details. You can always refer back to the passage for deeper understanding.

Tag me if you need explanation to any question.

Posted from my mobile device
Hey,
Could you elaborate on the "typical" nature of tamarins in Question 5. I did not understand why this answer is correct and what is the author trying to tell by saying typical tamarins.
TIA!
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- In Question 2, how does one eliminate Option C?

- In Question 4, why is option B incorrect? The author specifically states that the tamarins are fiercely territorial and even patrol their territories. I was confused b/w B and E and couldn't eliminate B.

- In Question 7, from where can we infer that it is an unusual condition that the author is talking about? I could infer that the author is evaluating the theory (Option B) that the number of individuals in the species is inversely proportional to the average body size.
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I am still wondering why is evaluating a theory incorrect in question 7.
I eliminated the right answer because I felt it was a theory and not a condition.
Can someone explain?
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UChisb
- In Question 2, how does one eliminate Option C?

- In Question 4, why is option B incorrect? The author specifically states that the tamarins are fiercely territorial and even patrol their territories. I was confused b/w B and E and couldn't eliminate B.

- In Question 7, from where can we infer that it is an unusual condition that the author is talking about? I could infer that the author is evaluating the theory (Option B) that the number of individuals in the species is inversely proportional to the average body size.

Hi UChisb,

Quote:
In Question 2, how does one eliminate Option C?
Not sure, why you want to eliminate option C, it is the answer to Question 2.

Quote:
In Question 4, why is option B incorrect? The author specifically states that the tamarins are fiercely territorial and even patrol their territories. I was confused b/w B and E and couldn't eliminate B.

True that author mentions: " Tamarins are rigidly territorial, vigorously expelling any intruders that may stray within the sharply defined boundaries of their domains. Groups invest an appreciable part of their time and energy in patrolling their territorial boundaries, announcing their presence to their neighbors with shrill, sweeping cries. Such concerted territoriality is rather exceptional among primates, though the gibbons and siamangs of Asia show it, as do a few other New World species such as the titi and night monkeys.", he also lists other primate species that are also territorial.
If we carefully read option B: "A species of small mammals that is fiercely territorial", we see that we cannot actually if this territoriality is rare among the species of small mammals.

Option E then becomes quite easy to infer from the lines: "What is most surprising about tamarin territories is their size.", as the author seems to be surprised to see the tamarins requiring an amount of space that seems completely out of proportion to their size, and we can say that this seems to be rare as indicated by author. Thus E is the best choice.

Quote:
In Question 7, from where can we infer that it is an unusual condition that the author is talking about? I could infer that the author is evaluating the theory (Option B) that the number of individuals in the species is inversely proportional to the average body size.

Question 7 can be inferred from the lines: "To emphasize just how anomalously rare tamarins are", the author doesnt seem to be evaluating any theories, he is simply evaluating the unusuality of the tamarins, there is no explaining or supporting any hypothesis. The passage is just about analysis of tamarins and comparing it to other primate species and understanding how rare the tamarins are. Thus option B is incorrect.


Hope This Helps.
Thanks.
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