Last visit was: 19 Nov 2025, 03:46 It is currently 19 Nov 2025, 03:46
Close
GMAT Club Daily Prep
Thank you for using the timer - this advanced tool can estimate your performance and suggest more practice questions. We have subscribed you to Daily Prep Questions via email.

Customized
for You

we will pick new questions that match your level based on your Timer History

Track
Your Progress

every week, we’ll send you an estimated GMAT score based on your performance

Practice
Pays

we will pick new questions that match your level based on your Timer History
Not interested in getting valuable practice questions and articles delivered to your email? No problem, unsubscribe here.
Close
Request Expert Reply
Confirm Cancel
User avatar
SwethaReddyL
Joined: 28 Nov 2023
Last visit: 18 Nov 2025
Posts: 60
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 264
Location: India
Posts: 60
Kudos: 10
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
User avatar
nikunjfotedar
Joined: 21 May 2021
Last visit: 05 Jul 2025
Posts: 10
Own Kudos:
18
 [1]
Given Kudos: 125
Posts: 10
Kudos: 18
 [1]
1
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
User avatar
Itssuyash
Joined: 02 Jul 2024
Last visit: 02 Jan 2025
Posts: 3
Own Kudos:
3
 [1]
Location: India
Concentration: Strategy, Operations
GMAT Focus 1: 475 Q72 V74 DI75
GPA: 4.0
GMAT Focus 1: 475 Q72 V74 DI75
Posts: 3
Kudos: 3
 [1]
1
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
User avatar
VivekSri
Joined: 01 May 2022
Last visit: 19 Nov 2025
Posts: 468
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 117
Location: India
WE:Engineering (Consulting)
Posts: 468
Kudos: 721
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Bunuel
­Urban Planner: The installation of green roofs in urban areas can reduce the overall city temperature during summer months, thereby reducing the need for air conditioning and energy consumption. However, despite their benefits, the widespread adoption of green roofs has been slow. This is because the initial cost of installing green roofs is considerably high, and because __________.

Which of the following, if true, most logically completes the urban planner’s argument?

(A) there are sufficient numbers of skilled laborers available to install green roofs
(B) green roof materials are often sourced from suppliers who are located far from urban centers
(C) tax incentives for green construction projects are commonly available in urban areas
(D) traditional roofing solutions are generally less expensive and quicker to install than green roofs
(E) green roofs typically last longer than traditional roofing materials, thus potentially saving money over time



­
 


This question was provided by GMAT Club
for the GMAT Club Olympics Competition

Win over $30,000 in prizes such as Courses, Tests, Private Tutoring, and more

 

­
­
OA = D

We have to find a statement which will say statement which will support why green roofs is not widespread. This is exactly written in D.

(A) there are sufficient numbers of skilled laborers available to install green roofs = This is weakening, we need to fill the spaces which add an additional point on that.
(B) green roof materials are often sourced from suppliers who are located far from urban centers. - It is adding a point but not in connection with the first statement.
(C) tax incentives for green construction projects are commonly available in urban areas - OOS
(D) traditional roofing solutions are generally less expensive and quicker to install than green roofs. Correct An
(E) green roofs typically last longer than traditional roofing materials, thus potentially saving money over time. - We have to find a statement which will say statement which will support why green roofs is not widespread. So it is not our ans.
 
User avatar
iabhish1509
Joined: 09 Jan 2024
Last visit: 26 Sep 2025
Posts: 121
Own Kudos:
62
 [1]
Given Kudos: 200
Location: India
GPA: 8
1
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Ans: (D) traditional roofing solutions are generally less expensive and quicker to install than green roofs

(A) there are sufficient numbers of skilled laborers available to install green roofs

This option does not support the argument about the slow adoption of green roofs. If skilled laborers are available, it would not contribute to the slow adoption.

(B) green roof materials are often sourced from suppliers who are located far from urban centers

This could be a reason for higher initial costs due to transportation expenses, but it does not directly explain why the adoption is slow despite the benefits.

(C) tax incentives for green construction projects are commonly available in urban areas

This would likely promote the adoption of green roofs, contradicting the argument about slow adoption due to high costs.

(D) traditional roofing solutions are generally less expensive and quicker to install than green roofs

This option directly addresses the reason for the slow adoption: traditional roofs are cheaper and faster to install, making them a more attractive option despite the benefits of green roofs.

(E) green roofs typically last longer than traditional roofing materials, thus potentially saving money over time

This would actually support the adoption of green roofs by highlighting their long-term benefits, contradicting the argument about slow adoption.


Correct Answer: D. Traditional roofing solutions are generally less expensive and quicker to install than green roofs.
User avatar
Kattu404
Joined: 03 Jan 2022
Last visit: 13 Nov 2025
Posts: 141
Own Kudos:
106
 [1]
Given Kudos: 30
Location: India
Concentration: Technology, International Business
GMAT 1: 680 Q50 V31
GPA: 4
WE:Information Technology (Energy)
GMAT 1: 680 Q50 V31
Posts: 141
Kudos: 106
 [1]
1
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
­Urban Planner: The installation of green roofs in urban areas can reduce the overall city temperature during summer months, thereby reducing the need for air conditioning and energy consumption. However, despite their benefits, the widespread adoption of green roofs has been slow. This is because the initial cost of installing green roofs is considerably high, and because __________.

Among the given options, B and D are the only which logically can complete. With B, we can't conclude as location far away as a barrier hence D.
User avatar
vidhi421
Joined: 16 Mar 2024
Last visit: 18 Nov 2025
Posts: 22
Own Kudos:
25
 [1]
Given Kudos: 12
Posts: 22
Kudos: 25
 [1]
1
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
(A) This does not provide a reason for the slow adoption of green roofs. If anything, it suggests that labor availability is not a problem, which would contradict the argument.

(B) This could imply higher costs or logistical challenges, but it does not directly address why the adoption has been slow in the same way that initial costs and competing solutions do.

(C) This would actually support the adoption of green roofs rather than explain why it is slow. It contradicts the argument by implying there is financial support for green roofs.

(D) This provides a direct reason for the slow adoption of green roofs by highlighting the advantages of traditional roofs in terms of cost and installation speed, complementing the point about high initial costs.

(E) While this is a benefit of green roofs, it does not explain why their adoption has been slow. It actually provides a reason for adopting green roofs.

Therefore, the correct answer is:
(D) traditional roofing solutions are generally less expensive and quicker to install than green roofs.­
User avatar
1111fate
Joined: 19 Oct 2021
Last visit: 18 Nov 2025
Posts: 81
Own Kudos:
63
 [1]
Given Kudos: 688
Location: India
Products:
Posts: 81
Kudos: 63
 [1]
1
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
The answer is D
Since we need to find a possible reason for reluctance in installing green roofs, D fits as traditional roofing is cheap and easy to install.
User avatar
Dexter43
User avatar
Masters of Science Forum Moderator
Joined: 12 Apr 2023
Last visit: 18 Nov 2025
Posts: 317
Own Kudos:
273
 [1]
Given Kudos: 74
Location: France, Metropolitan
Concentration: Strategy, General Management
GMAT Focus 1: 645 Q84 V81 DI80
GPA: 3.68
WE:Information Technology (Technology)
GMAT Focus 1: 645 Q84 V81 DI80
Posts: 317
Kudos: 273
 [1]
1
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
(A) Incorrect: there are sufficient numbers of skilled laborers available to install green roofs


  • This answer choice addresses a potential logistical concern but does not directly relate to the main barrier discussed in the argument, which is the high initial cost of green roofs. Even if skilled labor is available, the cost factor still remains prohibitive for many potential adopters. Therefore, this choice does not logically complete the argument because it does not explain why the initial costs are a barrier to adoption.
(B) Incorrect: green roof materials are often sourced from suppliers who are located far from urban centers


  • This answer choice introduces a logistical issue related to material sourcing, which could potentially impact the cost and feasibility of installing green roofs. However, it does not directly address why the initial costs of green roofs are high compared to traditional roofing solutions. The argument primarily concerns the economic barrier posed by these costs, not the logistical challenges of material procurement.
(C) Incorrect: tax incentives for green construction projects are commonly available in urban areas


  • This answer choice suggests that tax incentives could potentially mitigate the high initial costs of green roofs. While tax incentives can indeed influence economic decisions, this option assumes their availability and impact, which may vary widely depending on local policies and regulations. Moreover, even with tax incentives, the fundamental issue of high initial costs compared to traditional roofs is not directly addressed in this option.
(D) Correct: traditional roofing solutions are generally less expensive and quicker to install than green roofs


  • This answer choice directly addresses the core argument presented in the passage. The main barrier to the widespread adoption of green roofs, despite their benefits in reducing city temperatures and energy consumption, is their high initial cost. If traditional roofing solutions are cheaper and faster to install, it explains why many developers and building owners opt for them instead of green roofs. This cost disparity forms a significant economic barrier to the adoption of green roofs in urban areas.
(E) Incorrect: green roofs typically last longer than traditional roofing materials, thus potentially saving money over time


  • This answer choice discusses a potential long-term benefit of green roofs, which is their durability and potential cost savings over their lifespan. While this is a positive aspect of green roofs, it does not directly explain why the initial costs are a barrier to their adoption. The argument focuses on the upfront cost issue and why it deters widespread adoption, rather than the potential savings over time.
­
avatar
d_patel
Joined: 16 May 2024
Last visit: 24 Nov 2024
Posts: 57
Own Kudos:
70
 [1]
Given Kudos: 13
GMAT Focus 1: 685 Q89 V84 DI79
GMAT Focus 1: 685 Q89 V84 DI79
Posts: 57
Kudos: 70
 [1]
1
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Urban planner argument in last sentence revolves around "high initial cost" for installation of green roofs.
So, logically his argument complete statement should be related with it. 
Let's look at the options:

A. Incorrect. No relation with higher initial cost. If there are workers available then why does green roof adoption has been slow?
B.  Incorrect. No mention of transporting the material or how is it related with cost. We do not know if transporting cost from ubran center is significantly higher or not.
C. Incorrect. Does opposite. If tax incentives are available then they can offset higher initial cost.
D. Correct. Less expensive traditional roofing solutions explains why green roofs adoption has been slow. If it is less costly, then people would choose it over green roofs.
E. Incorrect. Same as C, does opposite. If it can potentially save money long time, then it should be able to help with higher initial cost.
User avatar
Avicii
Joined: 04 Jul 2024
Last visit: 23 Jul 2024
Posts: 14
Own Kudos:
15
 [1]
Posts: 14
Kudos: 15
 [1]
1
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Answer: (D) traditional roofing solutions are generally less expensive and quicker to install than green roofs

Statements A, C and E are making an argument which is logically opposite to the urban planner's statement. B is supplementary to the statement about costs or doesn't provide additional context about costs. Hence D is the only logical conclusion.
User avatar
AviNFC
Joined: 31 May 2023
Last visit: 13 Nov 2025
Posts: 216
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 5
Posts: 216
Kudos: 288
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
(A) there are sufficient numbers of skilled laborers available to install green roofs #This should promote green roon & not slow down.
(B) green roof materials are often sourced from suppliers who are located far from urban centers #Correct. This adds to overhead cost.
(C) tax incentives for green construction projects are commonly available in urban areas #This should also attract more people
(D) traditional roofing solutions are generally less expensive and quicker to install than green roofs #Initial cost already given as one reason
(E) green roofs typically last longer than traditional roofing materials, thus potentially saving money over time #This should promote more green roof & not slow down.

Answer B­
avatar
bronaugust
Joined: 06 Jun 2024
Last visit: 29 Aug 2024
Posts: 233
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 33
Expert
Expert reply
Posts: 233
Kudos: 315
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
 
Quote:
 ­Urban Planner: The installation of green roofs in urban areas can reduce the overall city temperature during summer months, thereby reducing the need for air conditioning and energy consumption. However, despite their benefits, the widespread adoption of green roofs has been slow. This is because the initial cost of installing green roofs is considerably high, and because __________.

Which of the following, if true, most logically completes the urban planner’s argument?

(A) there are sufficient numbers of skilled laborers available to install green roofs
(B) green roof materials are often sourced from suppliers who are located far from urban centers
(C) tax incentives for green construction projects are commonly available in urban areas
(D) traditional roofing solutions are generally less expensive and quicker to install than green roofs
(E) green roofs typically last longer than traditional roofing materials, thus potentially saving money over time
­To solve this question, let us deploy IMS's four-step technique

STEP #1 -> IDENTIFY THE QUESTION TYPE

Let us read the question stem to identify the  question type. The stem states, 'Which of the following, if true, most logically completes the urban planner’s argument?' What we have is a complete the passage question. 

Now that the question type is identified, let us proceed to the second step. 

STEP #2 -> X-RAY THE ARGUMENT

Let us now read and understand the argument. Let us seperate the facts in the passage from the opinions of the urban planner. 

FACT #1 ->The installation of green roofs in urban areas can reduce the overall city temperature during summer months, thereby reducing the need for air conditioning and energy consumption.

FACT #2 -> Despite their benefits, the widespread adoption of green roofs has been slow.

OPINION/CLAIM -> This is because the initial cost of installing green roofs is considerably high.

Now that the argument is x-rayed, let us proceed to the third step. 

STEP #3 -> FRAME A SHADOW ANSWER

To frame a shadow answer, we need to know what the right answer is supposed to do. Clearly, the right answer is to give us one more reason for the widespread adoption of green roofs having been slow. 

SHADOW ANSWER: Any situation that tells us why the widespread adoption of green roofs has been slow despite the benefits they offer. 

Now that we have a shadow answer, let us proceed to the final step. 

STEP #4 -> PROCESS OF ELIMINATION

Let us eliminate all answer options that do not match with the shadow answer. 

(A) there are sufficient numbers of skilled laborers available to install green roofs - NOT A MATCH - Does not tell us why the widespread adoption of green roofs has been slow.ELIMINATE

(B) green roof materials are often sourced from suppliers who are located far from urban centers - NOT A MATCH - If green roof materials are often sourced from suppliers who are located far from urban centers, would it tell us why the widespread adoption has been slow in urban areas? Also, are centers and areas one and the same? The answer to these questions is no unless we start forming assumptions. ELIMINATE

(C) tax incentives for green construction projects are commonly available in urban areas - NOT A MATCH - Again, does not tell us why the widespread adoption of green roofs has been slow. ELIMINATE

(D) traditional roofing solutions are generally less expensive and quicker to install than green roofs - MATCHES THE SHADOW ANSWER - If traditional roofing solutions are generally less expensive and quicker to install than green roofs, we may have an answer to why the widespread adoption of green roofs has been slow. KEEP

(E) green roofs typically last longer than traditional roofing materials, thus potentially saving money over time - NOT A MATCHAgain, does not tell us why the widespread adoption of green roofs has been slow.ELIMINATE

Hence, D is the correct answer. ­
User avatar
miami60
Joined: 05 Jun 2023
Last visit: 26 May 2025
Posts: 6
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 1
Status:Alumni
Affiliations: UBAYA
Location: Indonesia
mia: mia
Concentration: Accounting, Finance
GPA: 2.6
WE:Accounting (Manufacturing)
Posts: 6
Kudos: 12
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
"The widespread adoption of green roofs has been slow"

Beside of the permit, finishing a green roofs project means that it needs materials and workers. So, the problem would come from both of them.

If the workers were sufficent from its urban area, it will cost lower than workers from another location.
I guess the only main problem is how they "import" the material into the place. They needs additional waiting time and transportation cost, if they used suppliers that located far from the project area.

So, the answer is B.

Posted from my mobile device
User avatar
Gp111
Joined: 22 May 2023
Last visit: 24 Feb 2025
Posts: 23
Own Kudos:
35
 [1]
Given Kudos: 1
Location: India
Concentration: Technology, Entrepreneurship
GMAT Focus 1: 655 Q85 V81 DI81
GPA: 8.05
GMAT Focus 1: 655 Q85 V81 DI81
Posts: 23
Kudos: 35
 [1]
1
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Bunuel
­Urban Planner: The installation of green roofs in urban areas can reduce the overall city temperature during summer months, thereby reducing the need for air conditioning and energy consumption. However, despite their benefits, the widespread adoption of green roofs has been slow. This is because the initial cost of installing green roofs is considerably high, and because __________.

Which of the following, if true, most logically completes the urban planner’s argument?

(A) there are sufficient numbers of skilled laborers available to install green roofs
This does not explain why the adoption is slow; if anything, it suggests there shouldn't be a problem with skilled labor availability
Quote:
 (B) green roof materials are often sourced from suppliers who are located far from urban centers
This could contribute to the high cost and slow adoption due to transportation and logistics costs

 
Quote:
 (C) tax incentives for green construction projects are commonly available in urban areas
This would likely encourage adoption, not explain why it is slow

 
Quote:
 (D) traditional roofing solutions are generally less expensive and quicker to install than green roofs
This directly supports the argument by providing a comparative reason for the slow adoption of green roofs
Quote:
  (E) green roofs typically last longer than traditional roofing materials, thus potentially saving money over time
This would be an incentive for adoption, not a reason for slow adoption

Among (D) and (B),

(D) provides a straightforward comparison that directly relates to the primary issue of high initial costs and installation time, which are the main points of the argument.

(B), while potentially contributing to higher costs, does not directly explain why the adoption is slow as clearly or as strongly as (D). It introduces an additional factor (distance of suppliers) rather than focusing on the core comparative cost and time factors

Therefore, (D) is the more logical and stronger choice to complete the argument effectively
User avatar
asad9242
Joined: 07 Jul 2024
Last visit: 19 Nov 2025
Posts: 23
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 2
Concentration: Technology, Social Entrepreneurship
GPA: 3.7
Products:
Posts: 23
Kudos: 22
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
­Urban Planner: The installation of green roofs in urban areas can reduce the overall city temperature during summer months, thereby reducing the need for air conditioning and energy consumption. However, despite their benefits, the widespread adoption of green roofs has been slow. This is because the initial cost of installing green roofs is considerably high, and because __________.

Which of the following, if true, most logically completes the urban planner’s argument?

(A) there are sufficient numbers of skilled laborers available to install green roofs
(B) green roof materials are often sourced from suppliers who are located far from urban centers



(C) tax incentives for green construction projects are commonly available in urban areas
(D) traditional roofing solutions are generally less expensive and quicker to install than green roofs
(E) green roofs typically last longer than traditional roofing materials, thus potentially saving money over time

The answer is B

because refers to why widespread adoption is slow. One reason presented is its initial cost is high and 2nd because is again asking for slow adoption.
A- If there are skilled laborers available, it does not justify why adoption is slow or the price is high.
B- Material sourcing is adding more to the cost - so justifies the slow adoption.
C- Tax incentives should encourage its installation but it is the opposite.
D- Restatement of the first reason for high cost.
E- Opposite to why adoption is slow even with that benefit.
User avatar
anish0953
Joined: 20 May 2024
Last visit: 13 Mar 2025
Posts: 86
Own Kudos:
49
 [1]
Given Kudos: 103
Location: United Kingdom
Concentration: Leadership, Entrepreneurship
GPA: 9.2
WE:Business Development (Finance)
Products:
Posts: 86
Kudos: 49
 [1]
1
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Bunuel
­Urban Planner: The installation of green roofs in urban areas can reduce the overall city temperature during summer months, thereby reducing the need for air conditioning and energy consumption. However, despite their benefits, the widespread adoption of green roofs has been slow. This is because the initial cost of installing green roofs is considerably high, and because __________.

Which of the following, if true, most logically completes the urban planner’s argument?

(A) there are sufficient numbers of skilled laborers available to install green roofs
(B) green roof materials are often sourced from suppliers who are located far from urban centers
(C) tax incentives for green construction projects are commonly available in urban areas
(D) traditional roofing solutions are generally less expensive and quicker to install than green roofs
(E) green roofs typically last longer than traditional roofing materials, thus potentially saving money over time



­
 


This question was provided by GMAT Club
for the GMAT Club Olympics Competition

Win over $30,000 in prizes such as Courses, Tests, Private Tutoring, and more

 

­
The urban planner's argument discusses the benefits of green roofs and the reasons for their slow adoption. The first reason mentioned is the high initial cost. The sentence to be completed suggests that there is an additional reason contributing to the slow adoption.

Among the options, the one that logically complements the argument by providing another reason for the slow adoption is:

(D) traditional roofing solutions are generally less expensive and quicker to install than green roofs

This option directly addresses another factor that would deter people from choosing green roofs despite their benefits, aligning with the argument that the high initial cost is a deterrent.

Therefore, the best completion for the urban planner's argument is:
User avatar
Sanyachanani
Joined: 04 Jul 2024
Last visit: 28 Sep 2025
Posts: 3
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 5
GPA: 2:1
Posts: 3
Kudos: 2
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
(A) Not giving a reason for slow process (NO)
(B) discussing the problem and giving a valid reason (YES)
(C) Not giving a reason for slow process (NO)
(D) discussing the problem and giving a valid reason but the point is already mentioned before 'and' (NO)
(E) Not giving a reason for slow process (NO)

ANS: B
User avatar
iikeaboss
Joined: 06 Jul 2024
Last visit: 13 Sep 2025
Posts: 3
Own Kudos:
2
 [1]
Posts: 3
Kudos: 2
 [1]
1
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
 
Bunuel
­Urban Planner: The installation of green roofs in urban areas can reduce the overall city temperature during summer months, thereby reducing the need for air conditioning and energy consumption. However, despite their benefits, the widespread adoption of green roofs has been slow. This is because the initial cost of installing green roofs is considerably high, and because __________.

Which of the following, if true, most logically completes the urban planner’s argument?

(A) there are sufficient numbers of skilled laborers available to install green roofs
(B) green roof materials are often sourced from suppliers who are located far from urban centers
(C) tax incentives for green construction projects are commonly available in urban areas
(D) traditional roofing solutions are generally less expensive and quicker to install than green roofs
(E) green roofs typically last longer than traditional roofing materials, thus potentially saving money over time



­
 


This question was provided by GMAT Club
for the GMAT Club Olympics Competition

Win over $30,000 in prizes such as Courses, Tests, Private Tutoring, and more

 

­
­
It's not A, C or E Because these are all reasons that incentivize the adoption green roofs. B Draws irrelavent information. D Specifically addresses issues expressed earlier in the passage (speed & cost). Therefore, the best answer is D. 
User avatar
Cocasocola
Joined: 20 Jun 2024
Last visit: 21 Jul 2024
Posts: 11
Own Kudos:
18
 [1]
Location: Viet Nam
GMAT 1: 600 Q42 V38
GMAT 1: 600 Q42 V38
Posts: 11
Kudos: 18
 [1]
1
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
We consider each of the answer to find the problem with installing green roofs
(A) there are sufficient numbers of skilled laborers available to install green roofs. This helps, not make the installation slow
(B) green roof materials are often sourced from suppliers who are located far from urban centers. This may take more time, but not the direct factor that affect the installation of green roof
(C) tax incentives for green construction projects are commonly available in urban areas. Again, this helps, not make the installation slow
(D) traditional roofing solutions are generally less expensive and quicker to install than green roofs. Yes, this is what we find, the substitute of green roofs is cheaper and quicker to install.
(E) green roofs typically last longer than traditional roofing materials, thus potentially saving money over time. Again, this helps, not prevent
I choose D
   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   
Moderators:
GMAT Club Verbal Expert
7445 posts
GMAT Club Verbal Expert
234 posts
188 posts