An increasing body of scientific research suggests that the overall he

D

Pretty straight forward, question is testing simple idiom - not only x but also y.

Here are my reasons to eliminate each option:

An increasing body of scientific research suggests that the overall health of the human microbiome – consisting of as many as 1000 different species of bacteria in the gut alone – is not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by behavioral factors as diverse as insomnia, exercise, and oral hygiene.

(A) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by
not parallel, we have "not only influenced ....but also are ..." verb in X and only helping verb "are" in Y are not parallel

(B) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also
not parallel, we have "not only influenced ....but also behavioral ..." verb in X and noun in Y are not parallel

(C) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by
not parallel, we have "not only by ....but also are ..."Preposition in X and verb in Y are not parallel

(D) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also by
Correct, we have "not only by ....but also by ..."Preposition in X and Preposition in Y are not parallel

(E) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also
not parallel, we have "not only by ....but also behavioral ..." Preposition in X and noun in Y are not parallel

An increasing body of scientific research suggests that the overall health of the human microbiome – consisting of as many as 1000 different species of bacteria in the gut alone – is not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by behavioral factors as diverse as insomnia, exercise, and oral hygiene.

Not only X but also Y
is influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also by behavioral factors as diverse as insomnia, exercise, and oral hygiene.
is correct parallelism

(A) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by
Use of are is incorrect since not only X but also Y should be parallel.
not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also influenced by is correct

(B) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also
not only X but also Y parallelism is not correct. influenced by should have been used in both X & Y. Incorrect
not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also influenced by is correct

(C) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by
Use of are is incorrect since not only X but also Y should be parallel.
influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also by is correct.

(D) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also by
An increasing body of scientific research suggests that the overall health of the human microbiome – consisting of as many as 1000 different species of bacteria in the gut alone –is influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also by behavioral factors as diverse as insomnia, exercise, and oral hygiene.
The sentence is grammatically correct and follows not only X but also Y parallelism.
Correct

(E) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also
In not only X but also Y, by is missing in Y. Incorrect
influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also by is correct parallelism.

IMO D

An increasing body of scientific research suggests that the overall health of the human microbiome – consisting of as many as 1000 different species of bacteria in the gut alone – is not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by behavioral factors as diverse as insomnia, exercise, and oral hygiene.

not only...but also is a closed parallel marker which indicates that what comes between "not only" and "but also" must match what is after "but also"

(A) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by
influenced by =/= are by behavioral factors
(B) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also
influenced by =/= by behavioral factors
(C) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by
by diet and alcohol consumption =/= are by behavioral factors
(D) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also by
by diet and alcohol consumption = by behavioral factors [correct]
(E) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also
by diet and alcohol consumption =/= behavioral factors

This one is about parallelism.

An increasing body of scientific research suggests that the overall health of the human microbiome – consisting of as many as 1000 different species of bacteria in the gut alone – is not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by behavioral factors as diverse as insomnia, exercise, and oral hygiene.

Error Analysis

Here we have to notice that the correct idiom is not only x but also y, so entities after these markers must be parallel; here in the original sentence we have not only influenced,, but also are, are is not parallel with influenced so we need one option in which both entities are parallel.

(A) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by -wrong per error analysis
(B) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also -wrong per error analysis
(C) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by -not only by..., but also are by... "are" is making the second part not parallel
(D) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also by -Seems good
(E) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also -Here the second parts needs a by, since the first part is [b]not only by..[/b]

So (D) is our answer.

An increasing body of scientific research suggests that the overall health of the human microbiome – consisting of as many as 1000 different species of bacteria in the gut alone – is not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by behavioral factors as diverse as insomnia, exercise, and oral hygiene.

Here is the question of an idiom "not only...but also" and parallelism

(A) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by
This option is wrong because it does not contain any verb after "but also", that is logically parallel to "influenced"

(B) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also
This option is wrong because it does not contain any verb after "but also" at all

(C) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by
Here after "not only" goes "by", this implies that after "but also" should be "by" too, without any verbs

(D) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also by
CORRECT

(E) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also
Here, "by" is required after "but also"


The answer is D

An increasing body of scientific research suggests that the overall health of the human microbiome – consisting of as many as 1000 different species of bacteria in the gut alone – is not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by behavioral factors as diverse as insomnia, exercise, and oral hygiene.

We should look for either of the two constructions :

influenced by not only A & B but also C
OR
influenced not only by A & B but also by C

(A) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by
(B) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also
(C) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by - What is are doing here?
(D) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also by
(E) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also - by is missing at the end

Ans should be (D)

the overall health is .............

(A) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by - Between the idiom X and Y are not parallel (once outside and twice inside rule); "is influenced" and "is are" - Incorrect, No repetition of influenced
(B) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also - Between the idiom X and Y are not parallel (once outside and twice inside rule); "is influenced" and "is behavioral factors" - Incorrect, No repetition of influenced
(C) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by Between the idiom X and Y are not parallel (once outside and twice inside rule); "by diet.." and "are by" - Incorrect, Preposition Vs Verb+preposition
(D) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also by - Correct
(E) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also - Between the idiom X and Y are not parallel (once outside and twice inside rule); "by diet.." and "behavioral factors" - Incorrect, no repetition of preposition by

IMO D

IMO D

(A) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by - In ”not only A but also B” construction, A and B both have to be parallel. Here, “influenced by…” and "are by…” are NOT parallel

(B) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also - In ”not only A but also B” construction, A and B both have to be parallel. Here, “influenced by…” and "behavioral factors…” are NOT parallel

(C) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by - In ”not only A but also B” construction, A and B both have to be parallel. Here, “by diet…” and "are by…” are NOT parallel

(D) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also by - Correct, in ”not only A but also B” construction, A and B both have to be parallel. Here, “by diet…” and "by behavioral factors…” are parallel

(E) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also - In ”not only A but also B” construction, A and B both have to be parallel. Here, “by diet…” and "behavioral factors…” are NOT parallel

An increasing body of scientific research suggests that the overall health of the human microbiome – consisting of as many as 1000 different species of bacteria in the gut alone – is not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by behavioral factors as diverse as insomnia, exercise, and oral hygiene.

Meaning:
1. An increasing body of scientific research suggests
2. that the overall health of the human microbiome
(microbiome consisting of as many as 1000 different species of bacteria in the gut alone)
3. is influenced:
- not only by diet and alcohol consumption
- but also by behavioral factors as diverse as insomnia, exercise, and oral hygiene

Errors:


It is really easy to eliminate errors once you get intended meaning correctly.
We find out that the human microbiome is influenced:
- not only by diet and alcohol consumption
- but also by behavioral factors as diverse as insomnia, exercise, and oral hygiene



Moreover you need to remember the rule:
"Once outside or twice inside"

influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption but also by behavioral factors
influenced by not only diet and alcohol consumption but also behavioral factors

POE

(A) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by
(B) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also
(C) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by
(D) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also by
(E) influenced not only [s]by diet and alcohol consumption, but also[/s]



D is the answer.

IMO the question is about the correct usage of the idiom not only x but also y. Lets use POE to find the best usage and sentence construction:


Both "not only influenced" and "but also are" are unidiomatic and awkward. Can't see the need for an extra "are" here. Eliminate.


"not only influenced" is unidiomatic and awkward, not only x but also y is the correct idiom usage, using influenced after not only is wrong. Eliminate.


The first part of the idiom not only x but also y is being used correctly here by moving "influenced to the left of the not only but the second part repeats the mistake in A by bringing back the are at the end. Eliminate.


This looks correct, "influenced not only by x but also by y," can't see much wrong here, let's keep this for now.


Difference between D and E is subtle, E takes out the "by" at the end, can't find much wrong with E, if I am being honest, but I personally feel that D is a more parallel construction, "influenced not only by x but also by y" seems a more preferable option to me, but its very close. I would keep D and Eliminate E.

(A) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by
Not only ... But (Also) parallelism error

(B) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also ...
Not only ... But (Also) parallelism error

(C) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by
pushing "are" in wrong place making idiom incorrect

(D) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also by
Not only by something, but also by something. COrrect

(E) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also ...
missing "by" to be parallel

IMO
Ans: D

An increasing body of scientific research suggests that the overall health of the human microbiome – consisting of as many as 1000 different species of bacteria in the gut alone – is not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by behavioral factors as diverse as insomnia, exercise, and oral hygiene.


When using -> not only . . . but also in a sentence, parallelism should be the goal. It means that the words following both parts of this correlative conjunction (i.e., not only and but also) should belong to the same parts of speech.

Should be........ is influenced not only by______ but also by_______

Eliminate A and C, "by" not parallel to "are by"
Another error => is and are are repeated

(A) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by
(C) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by

Eliminate B and E, does not use "by" after but also
(B) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also
(E) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also


(D) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also by

IMO correct answer is D

An increasing body of scientific research suggests that the overall health of the human microbiome – consisting of as many as 1000 different species of bacteria in the gut alone – is not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by behavioral factors as diverse as insomnia, exercise, and oral hygiene.

(A) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by - Subject - Verb agreement error; main verb "influenced" used after not only & auxiliary verb "are" is used after but also; missing a main verb, which seems unnatural & if not "are" as a be verb is used for a singular subject "the overall health of the human microbiome" which is definitely incorrect - Discard.
(B) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also - terms after "not only" should have been parallel with item after "but also" - Here after "not only" this option employs "influenced by diet and alcohol consumption" - a verb "influenced" is used but after but also - "behavioral factors as diverse as insomnia, exercise, and oral hygiene" which is a noun phrase, these items are not parallel in structure; hence - Incorrect.
(C) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by - here "influenced" , the main verb is extracted out from the "not only" structure and put in-front of it - still it lack parallelism; "not only by diet and alcohol consumption" - "not only" followed by noun - "but also" is used with helping verb "are" - Incorrect.
(D) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also by - Correct; maintains parallelism - "not only" followed by - "by diet and alcohol consumption" & "but also" followed by - "by behavioral factors as....." - Both are noun phrases.
(E) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also - missing"by" - Incorrect

An increasing body of scientific research suggests that the overall health of the human microbiome – consisting of as many as 1000 different species of bacteria in the gut alone – is not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by behavioral factors as diverse as insomnia, exercise, and oral hygiene.

(A) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by (Not only x but also Y Not Parallel)
(B) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also (Not only x but also Y Not Parallel)
C) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by (Not only x but also Y Not Parallel)
D) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also by (Correct Parallelism)
E) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also (Not only x but also Y Not Parallel)

Posted from my mobile device

IMO-D

Error Analysis: This question tests undestanding of Parallelism.
IDIOM : Not only X but also Y ------Element X and Y need to be parallel.

An increasing body of scientific research suggests that the overall health of the human microbiome – consisting of as many as 1000 different species of bacteria in the gut alone – is not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by behavioral factors as diverse as insomnia, exercise, and oral hygiene.
Here X- Influenced by ; Y- are by ....Not Parallel.

(A) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by -----Incorrect----- Element X - influenced by- Element Y - are by - not parallel.

(B) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also ** -----Incorrect----- Element X - influenced by (verb )- Element Y -behavioral factors (noun) - not parallel. Also 'by' missing in second element.

(C) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by -----Incorrect----- Element X - by diet & alcohol consumption - Element Y - are by behavioural factors.---Not parallel. 'Are' is not required.

(D) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also by -----Correct-----Element X - by diet & alcohol consumption (noun) - Element Y - by behavioral factors (noun)--Parallel..

(E) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also **-----Incorrect----- Element X - by diet & alcohol consumption - Element Y - behavioral factors. --Not Parallel. 'By' is missing in element Y

Here we are tested with the "not only...but also" construction

It goes.. Not only X but also Y. X and Y should similar and comparable elements to make the structure parallel(if X is a verb, Y is a verb, if X is an adjective, Y is an adjective, etc)

(A) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by
Doesn't maintain the parallel structure explained above and also use "are" to describe singular noun microbiome - Eliminate

(B) not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also
Without the connector "by", "behavioral factors as diverse as insomnia, exercise, and oral hygiene" becomes a noun phrase which has not verb and thus this option is a run-on - Eliminate

(C) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by
Doesn't maintain the parallel structure explained above and also use "are" to describe singular noun microbiome - Eliminate

(D) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also by
Not only X (by diet) but also Y (by diet,etc...). Idiomatic construction is rightly followed - Keep

(E) influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also
Connector "by" is missing making the sentence a run-on. - Eliminate

Answer is (D)

Correct Parallelism is what we want to test our answer choices on. In the construction not only A but also B, the elements of the parallelism A and B must be not only structurally identical, but also logically similar (Did you notice how I’ve just used this idiom? ).

1. The following structures are parallel:

I. Iphones are produced in NOT ONLY China BUT ALSO India.
NOT ONLY noun BUT ALSO noun. Correct

II. Iphones are produced NOT ONLY in China BUT ALSO in India
NOT ONLY prepositional phrase BUT ALSO prepositional phrase. Correct

III. Iphones’ processors are NOT ONLY designed BUT ALSO produced in California.
NOT ONLY verb BUT ALSO verb. Correct

2. The following structures contain incorrect parallelism:

I. Iphones are produced NOT ONLY in China BUT ALSO India.
NOT ONLY prepositional phrase BUT ALSO noun. Incorrect

II. Iphones are produced NOT ONLY in China BUT ALSO are produced in India
NOT ONLY prepositional phrase BUT ALSO verb. Incorrect

III. Iphones are NOT ONLY produced in China BUT ALSO India
NOT ONLY verb BUT ALSO noun. Incorrect

For the sake of convenience and speed, let’s use just health instead of the overall health of the human microbiome, and get rid of an appositive modifying microbiome for a moment. Keeping all the above in mind let’s analyze answer choices.

A. health is not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by behavioral factors

In short: NOT ONLY working verb BUT ALSO linking verb… we know that working verb is not parallel to linking verb.

Additionally, the second element of the parallelism doesn’t make any sense with the root phrase: health is are by behavioral factors… that’s nonsensical and thus A is out.

B. health is not only influenced by diet and alcohol consumption, but also behavioral factors

In short: NOT ONLY verb BUT ALSO noun… we know that verb is not parallel to noun.

Additionally, the second element of the parallelism doesn’t make any sense with the root phrase: health is behavioral factors… that’s nonsensical and thus B is out.

C. health is influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also are by behavioral factors

In short: NOT ONLY prepositional phrase BUT ALSO linking verb… we know that prepositional phrase is not parallel to a linking verb.

Additionally, the second element of the parallelism doesn’t make any sense with the root phrase: health is influenced are by behavioral factors… that’s nonsensical and thus C is out.

E. health is influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also behavioral factors

In short: NOT ONLY prepositional phrase BUT ALSO noun… we know that prepositional phrase is not parallel to noun.

Additionally, the second element of the parallelism doesn’t make any sense with the root phrase: health is influenced behavioral factors… that’s nonsensical and thus E is out.

D. health is influenced not only by diet and alcohol consumption, but also by behavioral factors

In short: NOT ONLY prepositional phrase BUT ALSO prepositional phrase… finally we have a correct parallelism.

Additionally, the second element of the parallelism DOES make sense with the root phrase: health is influenced by behavioral factors… that’s the correct solution.

Hence D