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Here is a detailed explanation to this question-
Asad
Evidence from archeology, including stone tools, spearheads, and elaborate burial sites, indicate that the Neanderthals occupied Europe until extinction around 25,000 years ago, perhaps even coexisting and competing with modern humans.
A. indicate that the Neanderthals occupied Europe until extinction around 25,000 years ago
B. indicates that the Neanderthals occupied Europe until their extinction around 25,000 years ago
C. indicates that until they went extinct the Neanderthals occupied Europe around 25,000 years ago
D. indicate that the extinction of the Neanderthals that occupied Europe 25,000 years ago
E. indicate that 25,000 years ago, the Neanderthals that occupied Europe went extinct
Choice A: This answer choice utilizes the plural noun "indicate" for the uncountable noun "evidence"; remember, it is not the examples of evidence ( stone tools, spearheads, and elaborate burial sites) given here that are indicating something but rather the evidence as a whole that is doing so. Thus, this answer choice is incorrect.
Choice B: This answer choice maintains subject-verb agreement and conveys the intended meaning of the sentence. Thus, this answer choice is correct.
Choice C: This answer choice suffers from a construction error; the phrase "25000 years ago" should modify the phrase "until they went extinct", which in turn modifies "Neanderthals occupied Europe" to convey the intended meaning of the sentence. This meaning is that archaeological evidence indicates that Neanderthals occupied Europe until they went extinct 25000 years ago. Thus, this answer choice is incorrect.
Choice D: This answer choice suffers from the same subject-verb disagreement found in Option A. Thus, this answer choice is incorrect.
Choice E: This answer choice suffers from the same subject-verb disagreement found in Options A and D. Moreover, this answer choice also features a serious meaning-related error; the phrase "perhaps even coexisting and competing with modern humans" modifies the phrase "the Neanderthals that occupied Europe went extinct ", implying that the Neadrethals interacted with modern humans after extinction. Thus, this answer choice is incorrect.
Hence, B is the best answer choice.To understand the concept of "Collective, Countable, and Uncountable Nouns on GMAT", you may want to watch the following video (~2 minutes):
All the best!
Experts' Global Team