Marconi’s conception of the radio was as a substitute for the telephon

Marconi’s conception of the radio was as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation; instead, it is precisely the opposite, a tool for communicating with a large, public audience.


(A) Marconi’s conception of the radio was as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation; instead, it is

(B) Marconi conceived of the radio as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation, but which is

(C) Marconi conceived of the radio as a tool for private conversation that could substitute for the telephone; instead, it has become

(D) Marconi conceived of the radio to be a tool for private conversation, a substitute for the telephone, which has become

(E) Marconi conceived of the radio to be a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation, other than what it is,




OG16 SC113
Category: Rhetorical construction; Logical predication

I am right in using the appositive concept as an elimination process here ?


Here is my process:


(A) Marconi’s conception of the radio was as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation; instead, it is

This is wrong as an appositive always refer to the nearest noun, here "a tool for private conversation" refers to "telephone" instead of "radio".



(B) Marconi conceived of the radio as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation, but which is

Same problem as in A)



(C) Marconi conceived of the radio as a tool for private conversation that could substitute for the telephone; instead, it has become

No problem, keep C)



(D) Marconi conceived of the radio to be a tool for private conversation, a substitute for the telephone, which has become

Of course, here the "which" appears as a more direct error. But, I still think that "a tool for private conversation" badly refers to "conversation".


(E) Marconi conceived of the radio to be a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation, other than what it is,

Same problem as in A) and C)



Therefore, C) is correct


Please tell me, whether I am right.

Thanks

This is another question that’s at the top of my list of the most unsatisfying official GMAT SC questions ever produced.

I’ll be honest: my first instinct is to eliminate the correct answer because of pronoun ambiguity, but that’s a bad idea: pronoun ambiguity is not an absolute rule on the GMAT (more on that in this video), and there are far worse errors in the other answer choices.

And that’s classic GMAT right there: there aren’t a ton of absolute RULES that ALWAYS apply on the GMAT, but it’s always true that you’ll want to eliminate the four worst answer choices. Whatever you’re left with might not be great, but it’ll be correct enough.

That “it” jumps out at me right away. It just doesn’t seem awesome: “it” could refer to “conversation” or “tool” or “telephone” or “substitute” or “radio” or “conception of the radio.” Actually, since “it” is the subject of the second full clause in the sentence, that pronoun most likely refers to the subject of the first full clause, “Marconi’s conception of the radio.” (Again, more on these pronoun issues in this video.)

Of course, “it” logically needs to refer to “radio.” So we definitely have a pronoun ambiguity situation on our hands, but pronoun ambiguity isn’t an absolute crime. So I wouldn’t eliminate (A) based only on the pronoun issue.

But there’s also a meaning issue with (A): “Marconi’s conception… was as a substitute for the telephone…” Wait, no. Logically, the radio is the substitute for the telephone – the “conception of the radio” definitely is not the substitute.

So I’m not 100% comfortable eliminating (A) based on the pronoun ambiguity alone, but the logical problem at the beginning of the sentence gives us a reason to ditch (A) with confidence.

This is such a confusing mess that it’s hard for me to explain why it’s a confusing mess. The whole problem is “but which is”, a phrase that seems to be (awkwardly) referring to the telephone. But that doesn’t make sense: “the telephone… but which is precisely the opposite, a tool for communicating with a large, public audience.”

Nope. It’s the radio that's the tool for communicating with a large, public audience – not the telephone. If we switched “which” to “it” (or “instead it”), then we might be OK, but (B) in its current form just doesn’t make sense.

Like (A), (C) has some potential pronoun ambiguity: “it” would refer to “the radio” or “private conversation” or “substitute” or “telephone.” But again: pronoun ambiguity is NOT automatically wrong on the GMAT. And in this case, I think you could argue that the “it” isn’t even all that confusing.

And the thing is, I don’t see any other problems. The modifier “that could substitute for the telephone” seems to correctly modify “tool for private conversation.” I’m OK with the verb tense at the end of the underlined portion of the sentence: “[the radio] has become a tool for communicating with a large, public audience.” Sure, I guess we could say that the radio started to become a tool for mass communication long ago, and continues to become a tool for communicating with a large, public audience.

Honestly, I’d be happier picking an answer choice that doesn’t have the pronoun ambiguity problem, but ONLY IF that answer choice doesn’t have more severe problems. (C) at least makes sense, and the pronoun ambiguity isn’t enough to eliminate it. So let’s keep the little booger for now.

(D) has nice, clear problems. The modifier beginning with “which” is just plain wrong: “which has become a tool for communicating with a large, public audience” seems to modify “the telephone”, and that makes no sense at all.

And for whatever it’s worth, “conceived… to be” is not the correct idiom. It should be “conceived… as.” But don’t lose too much sleep over idioms, since there are around 25,000 of them in English.

Anyway, (D) is out.

For starters, we have the same idiom problem as in (D). But then there’s just a messy construction later in the sentence: “Marconi conceived of the radio to be a substitute for the telephone…., other than what it is, a tool for communicating with a large, public audience.”

Huh? “Other than what it is”? That’s a mess, and the contrast isn’t clear between Marconi’s conception of the radio and what it actually is: (C) much more clearly states that the radio is instead a tool for mass communication.

So (E) is gone, and we’re left with (C). So pronoun ambiguity isn’t ideal, but it’s not automatically your enemy, either.

Hello GMATNinja Boss - I did not pick (C) first time because I though The modifier “that could substitute for the telephone” incorrectly modifying “private conversation.” and it did not make sense meaning wise. Is it because "for" is a preposition and thus, it is referring to the tool, which is referring to the radio. When I read - "private conversation could substitute for the telephone" - it did not make sense from the meaning side of things, can you please clarify dear SC GOD?

Hello GMATNinja Boss - I did not pick (C) first time because I though The modifier “that could substitute for the telephone” incorrectly modifying “private conversation.” and it did not make sense meaning wise. Is it because "for" is a preposition and thus, it is referring to the tool, which is referring to the radio. When I read - "private conversation could substitute for the telephone" - it did not make sense from the meaning side of things, can you please clarify dear SC GOD?

This is such a confusing mess that it’s hard for me to explain why it’s a confusing mess. The whole problem is “but which is”, a phrase that seems to be (awkwardly) referring to the telephone. But that doesn’t make sense: “the telephone… but which is precisely the opposite, a tool for communicating with a large, public audience.”

Nope. It’s the radio that's the tool for communicating with a large, public audience – not the telephone. If we switched “which” to “it” (or “instead it”), then we might be OK, but (B) in its current form just doesn’t make sense.

Question #3
(B) Marconi conceived of the radio as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation, ...
Think about this. Here, the phrase "a tool for private conversation" modifies "telephone", explaining to us what a telephone is. That's ridiculous! What person over the age of six need any explanation about what a telephone is? This is entirely absurd!!
Also, think: did Marconi say "I want to invent a new substitute"? Or did he say, "I want to invent a new tool"? There's something subtly illogical about Marconi conceiving of his invention primarily as a substitute. That's really a level of subtlety a little beyond what the GMAT would test, but notice that incorrect answers on the GMAT SC, in addition to having something 100% clear and bonafide wrong, also are sprinkled with these subtle logical mistakes.
Now, think about (C)'s phrasing:

Does all this make sense?
Mike

Like (A), (C) has some potential pronoun ambiguity: “it” would refer to “the radio” or “private conversation” or “substitute” or “telephone.” But again: pronoun ambiguity is NOT automatically wrong on the GMAT. And in this case, I think you could argue that the “it” isn’t even all that confusing.

And the thing is, I don’t see any other problems. The modifier “that could substitute for the telephone” seems to correctly modify “tool for private conversation.” I’m OK with the verb tense at the end of the underlined portion of the sentence: “[the radio] has become a tool for communicating with a large, public audience.” Sure, I guess we could say that the radio started to become a tool for mass communication long ago, and continues to become a tool for communicating with a large, public audience.

Honestly, I’d be happier picking an answer choice that doesn’t have the pronoun ambiguity problem, but ONLY IF that answer choice doesn’t have more severe problems. (C) at least makes sense, and the pronoun ambiguity isn’t enough to eliminate it. So let’s keep the little booger for now.

GMATNinja
Sir, is it “tool for private conversation.” or ''radio' that “that could substitute for the telephone” modifies, actually? I am little confused here in this case..

It is long time Mr Mike is not available in this club, maybe. I'm going to request some of my honorable instructor to put an explanation instead of Mr Mike regarding the highlighted part (with underlined), please.
Is it seriously 'ridiculous' to GMAC? Most of the people in my country still did not see 'telephone' in their own eyes! What do you think about it, honorable instructor.

Hello TheUltimateWinner,

We hope this finds you well.

To answer your query, "that could substitute..." is meant to modify "tool for private conversation"; the intended meaning here is that Marconi imagined the radio as a particular type of tool that could replace the telephone.

We hope this helps.
All the best!
Experts' Global Team

ExpertsGlobal5
So, you're saying that "that could substitute..." did not modify 'radio', right? I got my answer. Thanks__

Hello TheUltimateWinner,

We hope this finds you well.

Just to ensure that there is no confusion, yes; we mean to say that "that" does not refer to "radio".

All the best!
Experts' Global Team

I agree that it could be argued that the placement of "a tool for private conversation" in choice (B) is not clearly problematic.

The main issue with the (B) version is the use of "but which," as discussed by GMAT Ninja in this response.