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Bunuel
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souvikgmat1990
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+1 for D
As animals are still evolving we need to use present perfect tense, and have evolved fits the bill perfectly.
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Mohammad Ali Khan
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amysong
Bunuel
Prompted by observations of seemingly related species in neighboring locales that he made during his five-year voyage around the world on the HMS Beagle, Charles Darwin conceived his theory of natural selection in which all species evolved over time from a single ancestor or very few common ancestors.


A. in which all species evolved over time from a single ancestor or very few common ancestors

B. in which all species evolve from a single ancestor or very few common ancestors over time

C. whereby over time all species evolve from a single ancestor or very few common ancestors

D. whereby all species have evolved over time from a single ancestor or very few common ancestors

E. whereby all species evolved over time from a single ancestor or very few common ancestors

First, prepositional phrase "in which..." modifies the process of natural selection.
In which denotes a place or process in which something occurs.
Whereby basically means "means by which" something occurs.
Natural selection is the process "by which" all species evolve... so it makes sense to use "whereby" instead of "in which". Eliminate A and B.

Second, verb tense "have evolved" over time makes more sense than the simple past tense ("evolved") or "evolve"

Minor issue...and not so sure if this is the right approach but "over time" should modify the verb "evolve"; as such, placing "over time" at the end of sentence (option B) or before the verb (option C) seemed less likely...


I have learnt that relative adverbs such as (where) is only used to refer to a physical location.Please guide.
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Hi Mohammad Ali Khan , you are correct.

But whereby does not mean where
It's a little weird that a word containing where does not mean where.
This word you just have to memorize.

whereby means BY WHICH
In other words, whereby = the means BY WHICH something happens, for example.
See this definition of whereby, here,
and this definition, which has examples, here.

I hope that helps.


I got the point from you. Thank you.

However, what is the keyword to use the Present Perfect tense?

generis

Thanks in advance.
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To everyone justifying "have evolved" over "evolved" by stating that "evolution is still going on"
Why are we delving into the specifics of the theory and using external knowledge/opinions around it to justify the correctness of the answer choice ?

Would we still be able to differentiate between (D) and (E) if the theory and the author are converted into something unfamiliar or abstract ?

Bunuel GMATNinja generis mikemcgarry any take on the above ?
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One of experts told me, when stating a general principle, we usually use simple present. As per his/her explanation, I think C would be the answer.
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Can someone explain why it should be have evolved instead of simple past evolved?
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