Joachim Raff and Giacomo Meyerbeer are examples of the kind of compose

Dear crunchboss
I'm happy to respond.

1) I found your first question hard to interpret. If I understand correctly, you are asking about the word "who" at the beginning of option (D). My friend, there are many exceptions to the Modifier Touch Rule. One of the exceptions involves a string of modifiers in parallel: if two or more clauses modify the same noun, then obviously they can't all touch that noun. It's perfectly acceptable as long as the first touches the noun and the subsequent ones are parallel to the first. We might say metaphorically that these subsequent modifiers touch the target noun "through the parallelism."
George Washington, who faced enormous odds at the beginning of the American Revolution and who lead his ragged army to victory, was easily elected the first President of the US.
That second "who" can't touch the target noun, "George Washington," because the first modifier is in the way! This is not a problem: the very fact that the two modifying clauses are in parallel guarantees that the second clause would touch the target noun if the first clause were not in the way.
I am not certain what you were asking in your first question, so I am not sure whether this answers the question.

2) Yes, "whose" is one of those tricky words for that reason. Here's the subjective use of the pronouns:
The man who wrote the book . . .
The book that sparked a discussion about . . .
In the subjective use, we use two different pronouns, "who" for people and "that" or "which" for objects. Then, maddeningly, in the possessive, we use exactly the same pronoun:
The man whose book sparked a discussion . . .
The book whose main theme is . . .
Yes, this is confusing, but I believe you understand it. Have courage, my friend. English is a confusing language, sometimes even to us native speakers!

3) If I said that "then" is a conjunction, I misspoke. That is not correct. The word "then" is an adverb, and this adverb is often used to introduce clauses, the way a conjunction might do, but "then" itself is not a conjunction. IT is simply an adverb.

Does all this make sense?
Mike