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Now problems require new solutions. And new problems arise with new populations and new technologies. The solutions of these problems require new institutions as well as new political, economic, and social mechanisms. Yet institutions and political and economic arrangements grow slowly, new institutions should be given every chance of success.
The writer of the above makes which of the following assumptions:
(A) New institutions are needed because old institutions are inefficient.
(B) New institutions are created in order to solve existing problems
(C) As old institutions are phased out, new ones take their place.
(D) If there were no growth, old institutions would die more slowly.
(E) Socio-technological change requires new forms of institutional arrangement.
Source: GMAT TEST PREPARATION
The writer of the above makes which of the following assumptions:
(A) New institutions are needed because old institutions are inefficient.
(B) New institutions are created in order to solve existing problems
(C) As old institutions are phased out, new ones take their place.
(D) If there were no growth, old institutions would die more slowly.
(E) Socio-technological change requires new forms of institutional arrangement.
Source: GMAT TEST PREPARATION
I need more explanations why B is not correct. :( . Thank you.
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06 Sep 2013, 21:50
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ANALYZE THE STIMULUS:
Fact 1: Now problems require new solutions.
Fact 2: The solutions of these problems require
New institutions - factor #1
--AND--
New political, economic, and social mechanisms - factor #2.
Fact 3: But factor #2: institutions and political and economic arrangements grow slowly.
Conclusion: Factor #1: new institutions should be given EVERY CHANCE of success.
KEY is to how translate correctly the conclusion. The fact says: new problems need new solutions, which require both factor (1) and factor (2). But because factor (2) grows slowly, so the key to have new solutions created is “give every chances of success” for (1): new institutions.
On the other hand, “every chances of success” means it doesn’t matter how many time new institutions are failed. If they fail, the new ones should be created.
The writer of the above makes which of the following assumptions:
ANALYZE EACH ANSWER:
(A) New institutions are needed because old institutions are inefficient.
Wrong. Out of scope. The main point is giving new institution EVERY CHANCES. Thus, it doesn’t matter whether the old institution are ineffective.
(B) New institutions are created in order to solve existing problems
Wrong. TEMPTING but wrong. New institution solve ONLY existing problem? Nope, The stimulus clearly mentioned the existing of “NEW” problems (new problems arise ...). Why B narrows the scope to “existing problems”? B is incorrect because it does not cover enough.
(C) As old institutions are phased out, new ones take their place.
Correct. C restates exactly what the conclusion wants to convey. “give every chances of success” means it doesn’t matter how many time new institutions are failed. If they fail, the new ones should be created.
(D) If there were no growth, old institutions would die more slowly.
Wrong. Out of scope. Same as B. We do not discuss the old institutions. The main point is the creating of new institutions. It does not matter the old institutions exist or not. They are in different categories. Thus, D is wrong.
(E) Socio-technological change requires new forms of institutional arrangement.
Wrong. The stimulus says we could ignore factor 2: the institutions and political and economic arrangements, because they grow slowly. Thus, the argument just focus on factor 1: the creating of new institutions which should be given EVERY CHANCES of success.
Hope it helps.
Fact 1: Now problems require new solutions.
Fact 2: The solutions of these problems require
New institutions - factor #1
--AND--
New political, economic, and social mechanisms - factor #2.
Fact 3: But factor #2: institutions and political and economic arrangements grow slowly.
Conclusion: Factor #1: new institutions should be given EVERY CHANCE of success.
KEY is to how translate correctly the conclusion. The fact says: new problems need new solutions, which require both factor (1) and factor (2). But because factor (2) grows slowly, so the key to have new solutions created is “give every chances of success” for (1): new institutions.
On the other hand, “every chances of success” means it doesn’t matter how many time new institutions are failed. If they fail, the new ones should be created.
The writer of the above makes which of the following assumptions:
ANALYZE EACH ANSWER:
(A) New institutions are needed because old institutions are inefficient.
Wrong. Out of scope. The main point is giving new institution EVERY CHANCES. Thus, it doesn’t matter whether the old institution are ineffective.
(B) New institutions are created in order to solve existing problems
Wrong. TEMPTING but wrong. New institution solve ONLY existing problem? Nope, The stimulus clearly mentioned the existing of “NEW” problems (new problems arise ...). Why B narrows the scope to “existing problems”? B is incorrect because it does not cover enough.
(C) As old institutions are phased out, new ones take their place.
Correct. C restates exactly what the conclusion wants to convey. “give every chances of success” means it doesn’t matter how many time new institutions are failed. If they fail, the new ones should be created.
(D) If there were no growth, old institutions would die more slowly.
Wrong. Out of scope. Same as B. We do not discuss the old institutions. The main point is the creating of new institutions. It does not matter the old institutions exist or not. They are in different categories. Thus, D is wrong.
(E) Socio-technological change requires new forms of institutional arrangement.
Wrong. The stimulus says we could ignore factor 2: the institutions and political and economic arrangements, because they grow slowly. Thus, the argument just focus on factor 1: the creating of new institutions which should be given EVERY CHANCES of success.
Hope it helps.
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