Last visit was: 19 Nov 2025, 11:08 It is currently 19 Nov 2025, 11:08
Close
GMAT Club Daily Prep
Thank you for using the timer - this advanced tool can estimate your performance and suggest more practice questions. We have subscribed you to Daily Prep Questions via email.

Customized
for You

we will pick new questions that match your level based on your Timer History

Track
Your Progress

every week, we’ll send you an estimated GMAT score based on your performance

Practice
Pays

we will pick new questions that match your level based on your Timer History
Not interested in getting valuable practice questions and articles delivered to your email? No problem, unsubscribe here.
Close
Request Expert Reply
Confirm Cancel
User avatar
BillyZ
User avatar
Current Student
Joined: 14 Nov 2016
Last visit: 03 May 2025
Posts: 1,143
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 926
Location: Malaysia
Concentration: General Management, Strategy
GMAT 1: 750 Q51 V40 (Online)
GPA: 3.53
Products:
10
Kudos
Add Kudos
306
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Most Helpful Reply
User avatar
EMPOWERgmatVerbal
User avatar
EMPOWERgmat Instructor
Joined: 23 Feb 2015
Last visit: 17 Feb 2025
Posts: 1,694
Own Kudos:
15,177
 [54]
Given Kudos: 766
Expert
Expert reply
Posts: 1,694
Kudos: 15,177
 [54]
35
Kudos
Add Kudos
18
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
User avatar
AyeeshaJ
Joined: 08 Aug 2019
Last visit: 07 Dec 2021
Posts: 18
Own Kudos:
41
 [35]
Given Kudos: 136
GMAT 1: 700 Q50 V34
GPA: 3.5
Products:
GMAT 1: 700 Q50 V34
Posts: 18
Kudos: 41
 [35]
33
Kudos
Add Kudos
2
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
User avatar
GMATNinja
User avatar
GMAT Club Verbal Expert
Joined: 13 Aug 2009
Last visit: 19 Nov 2025
Posts: 7,443
Own Kudos:
69,786
 [24]
Given Kudos: 2,060
Status: GMAT/GRE/LSAT tutors
Location: United States (CO)
GMAT 1: 780 Q51 V46
GMAT 2: 800 Q51 V51
GRE 1: Q170 V170
GRE 2: Q170 V170
Products:
Expert
Expert reply
GMAT 2: 800 Q51 V51
GRE 1: Q170 V170
GRE 2: Q170 V170
Posts: 7,443
Kudos: 69,786
 [24]
17
Kudos
Add Kudos
6
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
RupalTot123
CJAnish, ChiranjeevSingh, GMATNinja
Kindly throw some light on tackling this kind of a question.
Thanks a lot! :)
This question is mostly about parallelism. The non-underlined portion ends with a list of attributes (describing Sartre's opinion), so we're expecting another attribute to complete the list. The first two attributes (“painfully considered, elaborately reasoned”) show us the pattern: adverb adjective, adverb adjective.

Choice (A) gives us exactly what we expect: another attribute that describes Sartre's opinion, in the form "adverb adjective" ("often changed"). So (A) is looking pretty good, but let's see if we can eliminate the others.

Quote:
(B) and it was usually changed
If we only had "usually changed" instead of "it was usually changed," then (B) would be tempting. Again, the first two elements of the list are in the form "adverb + adjective," so we expect something similar in the final part.

Instead, we get "pronoun + verb + adverb + adjective"--the addition of a subject pronoun and verb ("it was") makes it seem like we are starting an entirely new sentence, rather than continuing the list of attributes.

That's not what we want, so we can get rid of (B).

Quote:
(C) that was often changed
This would be fine if the “that was” came before the whole list: “…had an opinion on everything that was painfully considered, elaborately reasoned, [and] often changed.” But at the end of the list, "that was" doesn't make any sense and throws off the parallelism. (C) is out.

Quote:
(D) changing often
Here the parallelism might technically be ok because we have another attribute that describes Sartre's opinion ("changing often"). But unlike in (A), we don't get a nice, clean (and easy-to-follow) list of "adverb + adjective" pairs.

Moreover, since we are talking about Sartre's opinion in the past, the opinion shouldn’t be “changing often"--this seems to imply that the opinion is STILL changing in the present.

In contrast, "considered" and "reasoned" suggest actions that were performed ON the opinions in the past--the opinions were painfully considered BY Sartre, and the opinions were elaborately reasoned BY Sartre. That pattern doesn't work with the third item: "The opinions were changing often by Sartre" doesn't make sense.

On the other hand, choice (A) implies that "the opinions were often changed by Sartre," which makes more sense and fits with the pattern of the first two attributes. This makes (A) the better choice, so we can eliminate (D).

Quote:
(E) one he often changed
You can get rid of (E) pretty quickly because it doesn't fit with the parallel structure at all. Using this option, the list of attributes has the form: "(1) adverb adjective, (2) adverb adjective, (3) pronoun ("one") noun modifier ("[that] he often changed")--the parallelism is clearly better in (A).

That's enough reason to get rid of (E). But if (and only if) you'd like nerd out and dive a little deeper on this one, keep reading...

Aside from the obvious deviation from the part of speech pattern, there is another really subtle reason that the parallelism isn't ideal here:

  • The first two items in the list describe what Sartre’s opinion was like, without mentioning specific action by Sartre: his opinion was considered and reasoned. (If you like the jargon, this is the passive voice). As we saw in option (D), the first two elements imply actions performed ON the opinions.
  • But with "one he often changed," "he" is the subject of the verb "changed." This active construction gives Sartre more agency—he is the one specifically changing the opinion, as opposed to the opinion having been changed BY him.
  • Simply put, because two of the elements in the list are in the passive voice and one is in the active, the parallelism isn't as good as it is in option (A). Again, you don't need to go there to get rid of (E), but this gives us one more vote for (A) over (E) :).

In any case, (A) is our best option.

I hope that helps!
General Discussion
User avatar
daagh
User avatar
Major Poster
Joined: 19 Feb 2007
Last visit: 16 Oct 2020
Posts: 5,264
Own Kudos:
42,419
 [19]
Given Kudos: 422
Status: enjoying
Location: India
WE:Education (Education)
Expert
Expert reply
Posts: 5,264
Kudos: 42,419
 [19]
14
Kudos
Add Kudos
4
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Three things are describing the opinion Sartre had, but except B, no other choice is sporting the legendary 'and' before the last item. Even B doesn't stand scrutiny because the last item is a clause while the previous ones are past-participle adjectives. I don't know what is up the OG's sleeve in this question. Let's wait until the cat is out of the bag.
User avatar
gmatt1476
Joined: 04 Sep 2017
Last visit: 27 Mar 2025
Posts: 374
Own Kudos:
25,749
 [12]
Given Kudos: 62
Posts: 374
Kudos: 25,749
 [12]
7
Kudos
Add Kudos
5
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
hazelnut
Sartre, an inadvertent guru, had an opinion on everything, painfully considered, elaborately reasoned, often changed.

(A) often changed
(B) and it was usually changed
(C) that was often changed
(D) changing often
(E) one he often changed

SC56561.01

https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,924058-2,00.html

This inadvertent guru had an opinion on everything, painfully considered, elaborately reasoned, often changed. But for most of his life he was convinced of the ineluctable corruption of the bourgeoisie, even though he was to the bourgeoisie born. His father was a naval officer who sickened and died when Jean-Paul was only two. The boy was brought up in the house of his grandfather, a linguistics professor who doted on him. His prim Roman Catholic mother he loved but did not respect, because nobody else in his free-thinking Lutheran grandfather's household did ("My mother and I were the same age," Sartre later recalled).

Official Explanation

Parallelism; Diction; Logical predication

The sentence is intended to predicate frequent change of Sartre's opinions. We need to find the answer choice that most effectively does so.

Note that this modifier in option A, consisting of the adverbial modifier often and the verbal adjective changed, is most closely parallel to the two preceding predicates.

A. Correct. This choice is correct for the reasons stated above.

B. In this choice the pronoun it could refer either to opinion or to everything, and the force of usually is unclear. Furthermore, this choice is not parallel in structure to the preceding modifiers painfully considered and elaborately reasoned.

C. In this choice, the relative pronoun that normally has the closest preceding noun, pronoun, or noun phrase as its referent. However, in this context, everything is clearly not the intended referent. Furthermore, this choice is not parallel in structure to the preceding modifiers painfully considered and elaborately reasoned.

D. This choice is not parallel in structure to the preceding modifiers painfully considered and elaborately reasoned. This option also unnecessarily inverts the adjective and adverb, creating a different order from the order in the previous two modifiers.

E. This choice is not parallel in structure to the preceding modifiers painfully considered and elaborately reasoned.

The correct answer is A.
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
How is parallelism maintained in option A?
Please help.
User avatar
EducationAisle
Joined: 27 Mar 2010
Last visit: 18 Nov 2025
Posts: 3,891
Own Kudos:
3,579
 [7]
Given Kudos: 159
Location: India
Schools: ISB
GPA: 3.31
Expert
Expert reply
Schools: ISB
Posts: 3,891
Kudos: 3,579
 [7]
7
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
sunny91
How is parallelism maintained in option A?
Please help.
i) Adverb (painfully) + adjective/past-participle (considered)
ii) Adverb (elaborately) + adjective/past-participle (reasoned)
iii) Adverb (often) + adjective/past-participle (changed)
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
EducationAisle
sunny91
How is parallelism maintained in option A?
Please help.
i) Adverb (painfully) + adjective/past-participle (considered)
ii) Adverb (elaborately) + adjective/past-participle (reasoned)
iii) Adverb (often) + adjective/past-participle (changed)

EducationAisle,
Thanks for the explanation, but how are we avoiding a conjunction(&) to connect 3 phrases together.
User avatar
EducationAisle
Joined: 27 Mar 2010
Last visit: 18 Nov 2025
Posts: 3,891
Own Kudos:
3,579
 [8]
Given Kudos: 159
Location: India
Schools: ISB
GPA: 3.31
Expert
Expert reply
Schools: ISB
Posts: 3,891
Kudos: 3,579
 [8]
5
Kudos
Add Kudos
3
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
You are right Sunny. Ideally, there should have been an and; however, this is just an acceptable writing style, especially used to emphasize attributes.
User avatar
EducationAisle
Joined: 27 Mar 2010
Last visit: 18 Nov 2025
Posts: 3,891
Own Kudos:
3,579
 [1]
Given Kudos: 159
Location: India
Schools: ISB
GPA: 3.31
Expert
Expert reply
Schools: ISB
Posts: 3,891
Kudos: 3,579
 [1]
1
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
AyeeshaJ
EducationAisle
You are right Sunny. Ideally, there should have been an and; however, this is just an acceptable writing style, especially used to emphasize attributes.

Isn't this ridiculous? Just to make the questions difficult, such odd writing styles are being tested.
Hi AyeeshaJ, curious to know which option did you choose?

The reason is that the presence/absence of and is not really being tested in this sentence, since none of the options uses and.

Perhaps you are confused with option B. Let's look at B. It says:

Sartre, an inadvertent guru, had an opinion on everything, painfully considered, elaborately reasoned, and it was usually changed.

The above sentence is also missing an and. With the and, the sentence should actually be:

Sartre, an inadvertent guru, had an opinion on everything, painfully considered and elaborately reasoned, and it was usually changed.

Hence, while the absence of an and in option A is admittedly counter-intuitive, but a non-issue here.
User avatar
Vinit800HBS
Joined: 29 Dec 2018
Last visit: 18 Nov 2025
Posts: 91
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 195
Location: India
GRE 1: Q170 V163
Expert
Expert reply
GRE 1: Q170 V163
Posts: 91
Kudos: 237
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
GMATNinja AjiteshArun

Your valuable inputs on this one please.

I just got a different idea to justify A.

What if his opinions are sometimes painfully considered, sometimes, elaborately reasoned, sometimes both, sometimes elaborately reasoned and often changed, sometimes only often changed?

There are multitudes of combinations that we can create and thus we cannot use either an “AND” that will signify ALL are necessary or an “OR” that will signify his opinions were one of the many kinds and not any combination thereof.

Posted from my mobile device
User avatar
MikeScarn
User avatar
Current Student
Joined: 04 Sep 2017
Last visit: 01 Jun 2025
Posts: 275
Own Kudos:
1,280
 [3]
Given Kudos: 227
Location: United States (IL)
Concentration: Technology, Leadership
GMAT 1: 690 Q44 V41
GMAT 2: 730 Q50 V38
GPA: 3.62
WE:Sales (Computer Software)
3
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
hazelnut
Sartre, an inadvertent guru, had an opinion on everything, painfully considered, elaborately reasoned, often changed.
As expected with all GMAT Advanced questions, this one is tough.

Don't look for the right answer. Identify the wrong answers.

We have a list of three items which are in the form: adjective + past tense verb.

Let's eliminate answer choices that are not parallel with this form. And let's be stingy with any answer choice that introduces pronouns, conjunctions, or any other words in our 3 verb list.

hazelnut
(A) often changed
This answer choice is parallel with our list of 3 -ed ending verbs. Why do we not need an "and" in this final item? I truly don't know. Maybe GMATNinja can assist.

However, I'm confident that B, C, D, and E all have definite errors.


hazelnut
(B) and it was usually changed
What is "it" referring to? Opinion? Fine. But why do we need to restate "opinion" with a pronoun at the end of our verb list? The pronoun is not necessary to understand the meaning of the sentence.

The it and the was are not needed and are completely wrong.

This answer breaks the parallelism of our 3 verb list.

hazelnut
(C) that was often changed
Why are we using "that"? Further, there is no need to introduce the verb "was."

This answer breaks the parallelism of our 3 verb list.

hazelnut
(D) changing often
Parallelism. We have a list of three verbs: considered, reasoned, and changed.

We need our underlined verb to be consistent and have an -ed ending. Also, changing is an adverb, it's not even a verb!

hazelnut
(E) one he often changed
By introducing the pronoun "he", this answer choices creates a run-on sentence.

This answer breaks the parallelism of our 3 verb list.
User avatar
AjiteshArun
User avatar
Major Poster
Joined: 15 Jul 2015
Last visit: 18 Nov 2025
Posts: 5,949
Own Kudos:
5,080
 [11]
Given Kudos: 732
Location: India
GMAT Focus 1: 715 Q83 V90 DI83
GMAT 1: 780 Q50 V51
GRE 1: Q170 V169
Expert
Expert reply
GMAT Focus 1: 715 Q83 V90 DI83
GMAT 1: 780 Q50 V51
GRE 1: Q170 V169
Posts: 5,949
Kudos: 5,080
 [11]
6
Kudos
Add Kudos
5
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Vinit800HBS
GMATNinja AjiteshArun

Your valuable inputs on this one please.

I just got a different idea to justify A.

What if his opinions are sometimes painfully considered, sometimes, elaborately reasoned, sometimes both, sometimes elaborately reasoned and often changed, sometimes only often changed?

There are multitudes of combinations that we can create and thus we cannot use either an “AND” that will signify ALL are necessary or an “OR” that will signify his opinions were one of the many kinds and not any combination thereof.
Hi Vinit800HBS,

I didn't read it like that, although I think the possibility does exist. I read it as we would if an and were there, just with additional emphasis on the final element.

For anyone wondering why the GMAT dropped the and: this was almost certainly to try to throw test takers off. Dropping an and (or or or but...) is a way to make the sentence flow a little differently, and is very much "allowed". The most common example of this that I can think of is "I came; I saw; I conquered".
User avatar
vishumangal
Joined: 27 Jun 2015
Last visit: 22 Dec 2021
Posts: 93
Own Kudos:
49
 [10]
Given Kudos: 57
GRE 1: Q158 V143
GRE 1: Q158 V143
Posts: 93
Kudos: 49
 [10]
10
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Although, I got the answer wrong But when looked through the post of moderators and Tutors ,I was wandering how moderators s quickly changes the concepts which they usually taught in their long blogs posted on GMAT club. If this question was not from OG, Moderators would have discarded this question. Since this one is from OG, Moderators are saying the this is style and usage.
Just want to say that Sir, Please stick to the concepts which you have taught in your blogs on GMAT club. If you find a questions which does not have solid reasoning, you cannot up saying that its a style and usage.
User avatar
EducationAisle
Joined: 27 Mar 2010
Last visit: 18 Nov 2025
Posts: 3,891
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 159
Location: India
Schools: ISB
GPA: 3.31
Expert
Expert reply
Schools: ISB
Posts: 3,891
Kudos: 3,579
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
vishumangal
Although, I got the answer wrong But when looked through the post of moderators and Tutors ,I was wandering how moderators s quickly changes the concepts which they usually taught in their long blogs posted on GMAT club. If this question was not from OG, Moderators would have discarded this question. Since this one is from OG, Moderators are saying the this is style and usage.
Just want to say that Sir, Please stick to the concepts which you have taught in your blogs on GMAT club. If you find a questions which does not have solid reasoning, you cannot up saying that its a style and usage.
Hi Vishnu, can you let us know which option you chose and which 'style and usage' are you specifically referring to?
User avatar
altairahmad
Joined: 27 Mar 2017
Last visit: 29 Jul 2021
Posts: 263
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 406
Location: Saudi Arabia
GMAT 1: 700 Q47 V39
GPA: 3.36
Products:
GMAT 1: 700 Q47 V39
Posts: 263
Kudos: 87
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
EducationAisle
sunny91
How is parallelism maintained in option A?
Please help.
i) Adverb (painfully) + adjective/past-participle (considered)
ii) Adverb (elaborately) + adjective/past-participle (reasoned)
iii) Adverb (often) + adjective/past-participle (changed)

daagh EducationAisle

These modifiers are adverbial phrases right ? and they are modifying the noun 'an opinion' ? Can an adverb modify a noun ? What am I missing here ?
User avatar
EducationAisle
Joined: 27 Mar 2010
Last visit: 18 Nov 2025
Posts: 3,891
Own Kudos:
3,579
 [1]
Given Kudos: 159
Location: India
Schools: ISB
GPA: 3.31
Expert
Expert reply
Schools: ISB
Posts: 3,891
Kudos: 3,579
 [1]
1
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
altairahmad
EducationAisle
sunny91
How is parallelism maintained in option A?
Please help.
i) Adverb (painfully) + adjective/past-participle (considered)
ii) Adverb (elaborately) + adjective/past-participle (reasoned)
iii) Adverb (often) + adjective/past-participle (changed)

daagh EducationAisle

These modifiers are adverbial phrases right ? and they are modifying the noun 'an opinion' ? Can an adverb modify a noun ? What am I missing here ?
In the above phrases, the adjectives/participles (considered, reasoned, changed) are modifying the noun opinion.

Each adverb (painfully, elaborately, often) is just modifying the corresponding adjective.
User avatar
shanks2020
Joined: 02 Dec 2018
Last visit: 21 Mar 2024
Posts: 239
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 70
Posts: 239
Kudos: 39
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
EMPOWERgmatVerbal
Hello Everyone!

Let's tackle this question, one issue at a time, and narrow down our choices to the right one! First, let's take a quick scan over the original question for clues, and highlight any major differences between the options in orange:

Sartre, an inadvertent guru, had an opinion on everything, painfully considered, elaborately reasoned, often changed.

(A) often changed
(B) and it was usually changed
(C) that was often changed
(D) changing often
(E) one he often changed

After a quick glance over the options, it seems that everything except the words "changed/changing" are different. This means we need to look to the original sentence for clues as to what grammar concept we're likely dealing with:

Sartre, an inadvertent guru, had an opinion on everything, painfully considered, elaborately reasoned, often changed.

What I've highlighted in pink is a list - and whenever we deal with lists on the GMAT, there is one grammar concept we always begin with:

PARALLELISM!

We need to make sure each item in the list is written using similar wording, structure, verb tenses, etc. Let's add in the first two items on the list to see which options use parallelism properly:

(A) painfully considered, elaborately reasoned, often changed = PARALLEL
(Each part of the list follows the same general format of ADJECTIVE + VERB-ed)
(B) painfully considered, elaborately reasoned, and it was usually changed = NOT PARALLEL
(C) painfully considered, elaborately reasoned, that was often changed = NOT PARALLEL
(D) painfully considered, elaborately reasoned, changing often = NOT PARALLEL
(E) painfully considered, elaborately reasoned, one he often changed = NOT PARALLEL

There you have it - option A is the only one that uses parallelism correctly! Remember - whenever you're dealing with a list, parallelism is the first thing to look for when trying to narrow down your options quickly!


Don't study for the GMAT. Train for it.

Hi EMPOWERgmatVerbal EducationAisle

Isn't option E run-on as well?
User avatar
EducationAisle
Joined: 27 Mar 2010
Last visit: 18 Nov 2025
Posts: 3,891
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 159
Location: India
Schools: ISB
GPA: 3.31
Expert
Expert reply
Schools: ISB
Posts: 3,891
Kudos: 3,579
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
shanks2020
Isn't option E run-on as well?
Hi shanks2020, E is not a run-on. A run-on is when two Independent clauses are connected by just a comma.

In E, the only Independent clause is:

Sartre, an inadvertent guru, had an opinion on everything, painfully considered, elaborately reasoned

Following is not an Independent clause:

one he often changed

This is equivalent to:

one (opinion that) he often changed

So, E says:

opinion that he often changed

The structure for this is:

Phrase (opinion) + a Dependent clause (that he often changed)

Grammatically, Phrase + a Dependent clause acts as a phrase (not as an Independent clause).
 1   2   3   4   5   
Moderators:
GMAT Club Verbal Expert
7443 posts
GMAT Club Verbal Expert
231 posts
189 posts